“…Other reasons are epistemological—HCWs should not be free to act on competing interests because there are no sufficiently coherent grounds on which such actions can be justified and limits set (Sepper 2019 ; Tilburt 2014 ; Glover 2019 ). And others are consequentialist, the focus being on the effects of deprioritizing patient care on the image of medicine, on trust in HCWs, on patient welfare and population health, on social justice, and on the HCW–patient relationship itself (Abrams 1986 ; Sulmasy 1992 ; Magelssen, Le, and Supphellen 2019 ; Riggs and DeCamp 2014 ; Gostin 2019 ). Of course, there are complex relationships between duties and consequences, and some accounts of duty (e.g., rule deontology) position them primarily as routes to desirable consequences.…”