Pathways to Widespread Applications: Development of Redox Flow Batteries Based on New Chemistries

Abstract

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) stand out as one of the most promising candidates for stationary energy storage with high scalability and separate control over energy and power. Nevertheless, the widespread application of commercial RFBs is restricted by the relatively high stack cost as well as the uncompetitive performance metrics. Developing new-concept RFBs beyond conventional design frameworks can effectively alleviate these concerns. In this review, we aim to provide comprehensive fundamentals of new chemistries in RFBs toward widespread practical applications. We first introduce the technological features of conventional RFBs, followed by the specific cell architectures and possible optimization approaches on each component. We further review in detail the design principles and demonstrations of the newly developed RFBs, including novel redox species, integrated energy systems, and innovative cell structures. We conclude with a summary on the current challenges and future perspectives in this research field.

Nitrogen-rich covalent organic frameworks with multiple carbonyls for high-performance sodium batteries

“…Moreover, the TQBQ-COF delivers a high Coulombic efficiency of~100%, and the energy efficiency is around 85% ( Supplementary Fig. 32), showing good cycling stability and highenergy efficiency 39 . The excellent cycling stability of the TQBQ-COF electrode could be ascribed to its inherent stable feature and the high D Na + .…”

Modelling of redox flow battery electrode processes at a range of length scales: a review

“…341 As presented, the high energy efficient RFB can achieve simultaneous energy conversion and storage, which further distributes electricity to different end uses. 340 In addition to controlling and regulating the residential energy consumption at home scales, RFBs may even be used for portable electronics with greatly improved energy density comparable with alkaliion batteries, and the liquid-state electrodes are especially applicable for exible devices. 342 Finally, RFBs can be almost instantly recharged by replacing the discharged electrolytes while simultaneously recovering the exhausted electroactive materials separately, providing benecial exibility for electric vehicle applications.…”

Next-Generation Liquid Metal Batteries Based on the Chemistry of Fusible Alloys

“…In addition to the merits mentioned above, the high deformability of room-temperature liquid metals is promising to design flexible devices beyond stationary storage. 21 In light of the fundamental understanding of the interfacial chemistry of fusible alloys, a variety of novel liquid metal batteries were designed and demonstrated. In this Outlook, these advances made recently on the basis of fusible alloys are highlighted, and the development of high-temperature liquid metal batteries will not be elaborated upon.…”