Pathways to alcohol-induced brain impairment in young people: A review

Hermens, Daniel F.; Lagopoulos, Jim; Tobias-Webb, Juliette; Regt, Tamara De; Dore, Glenys; Juckes, Lisa; Latt, Noeline; Hickie, Ian B.

doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2012.05.021

Cited by 132 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Hay factores, como los azúcares, que pueden acelerar la eliminación y otros, como los anovulatorios orales, que la pueden retardar 9 . Aunque habitualmente el alcohol es considerado un depresor del sistema nervioso central (SNC), tiene simultáneamente efectos estimulantes (aumento de la frecuencia cardiaca y conductas agresivas) y depresores (enlentecimiento motor, déficits cognitivos, efectos ansiolíticos) 10 . Cuando se consume una UBE (10 g alcohol) generalmente los efectos cerebrales comienzan a los cinco minutos y alcanzan el máximo a los 30-45.…”

Section: Efectos Del Alcoholunclassified

“…En adolescentes con consumo excesivo de alcohol se encuentra un rendimiento cognitivo menor (memoria, atención, función ejecutiva) y alteraciones cerebrales que podrían desembocar en problemas de aprendizaje y mayor riesgo de futuro TUA, aunque aún no se ha aclarado suficientemente el papel causal del alcohol y de otros factores 10,30,[78][79][80] . Estas alteraciones pueden ser total o parcialmente reversibles, dependiendo de los patrones de consumo, factores genéticos y de otro tipo.…”

Section: Trastornos Neurológicosunclassified

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Principales daños sanitarios y sociales relacionados con el consumo de alcohol

Sarasa-Renedo¹,

Sordo²,

Molist³

et al. 2014

Rev. Esp. Salud Publica

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Section: Efectos Del Alcoholunclassified

Section: Trastornos Neurológicosunclassified

Principales daños sanitarios y sociales relacionados con el consumo de alcohol

Sarasa-Renedo¹,

Sordo²,

Molist³

et al. 2014

Rev. Esp. Salud Publica

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“…Interestingly, studies suggested that a long-term alcohol exposure is not required to produce neurodegeneration. 7,8 Indeed, neurodegeneration has been observed in the cerebellar cortex after a single binge alcohol episode. 7,9 Interestingly, animal models of binge drinking showed a blood alcohol concentration (BAL) similar with those observed in chronic alcoholics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landolphia owariensis Attenuates Alcohol-induced Cerebellar Neurodegeneration: Significance of Neurofilament Protein Alteration in the Purkinje Cells

2016

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Background: Alcohol-induced cerebellar neurodegeneration is a neuroadaptation that is associated with chronic alcohol abuse. Conventional drugs have been largely unsatisfactory in preventing neurodegeneration. Yet, multimodal neuroprotective therapeutic agents have been hypothesised to have high therapeutic potential for the treatment of CNS conditions; there is yet a dilemma of how this would be achieved. Contrarily, medicinal botanicals are naturally multimodal in their mechanism of action. Aim: The eff ect of L. owariensis was therefore assessed in alcohol-induced neurodegeneration of the cerebellar cortex in rats. Materials and methods: Two groups of rats were oro-gastrically fed thrice daily with 5 g/kg ethanol (25% w/v), and 5 g/kg ethanol (25% w/v) plus L. owariensis (100 mg/kg body weight) respectively in diluted nutritionally complete diet (50% v/v). A control group was correspondingly fed a nutritionally complete diet (50% v/v) made isocaloric with glucose. Cytoarchitectural study of the cerebellar cortex was examined with H&E. Immunocytochemical analysis was carried out with the use of monoclonal antibody anti-NF in order to detect alterations in the neuronal cytoskeleton. Results: After 4 days of binge alcohol treatment, we observed that L. owariensis supplementation signifi cantly lowered the levels of histologic and biochemical indices of neurodegeneration. The level of neurodegeneration and cytoarchitecture distortion of the cerebellar cortex of rats exposed to ethanol was reduced by L. owariensis. Neurofi lament-immunoreactivity (NF-IR) was evoked in the Purkinje cells of rats that received L. owariensis supplement. Conclusions: L. owariensis attenuates alcohol-induced cerebellar degeneration in the rat by alleviating oxidative stress and alteration of NF protein expression in the Purkinje cells.

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“…The most striking differences between binge drinking and "traditional" alcoholism are the irregularity of alcohol intake and the young age of consumers (Hermens et al 2013). Since the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is subject to development and maturation during adolescence and emerging adulthood, binge drinking until the age of 24 probably poses a bigger harm to proper executive functioning than it does in later stages of life (Hermens et al 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding raises the important question of whether longterm abuse produces deficits in the same cognitive subprocesses as acute intoxication. Closing this knowledge gap would greatly promote our understanding of how the deficits associated with long-term alcohol abuse and/or long-term binge drinking develop and how they are maintained (compare Hermens et al 2013). Therefore, a major future challenge in this area of research is to investigate the development of alcohol-related deficits via elaborated comparisons of the behavioral and cognitive changes observed in acute intoxication (in healthy individuals), acute withdrawal, regular binge drinking, and alcohol abuse.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%