Pathophysiology of Obesity-Related Non-communicable Chronic Diseases and Advancements in Preventive Strategies

Badhwar, Reena; Kaur, Ginpreet; Popli, Harvinder; Yadav, Deepika; Buttar, Harpal S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35358-2_19

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Another study of (12) found that, there were significant differences between T2DM and insulin P< 0.001. Asprosin functions to increase plasma glucose levels, and circulating asprosin levels are increased by fasting (a baseline glucose condition) and decreased by feeding a high glucose condition (13) . Asprosin might be a risk factor associated with the development of T2DM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asprosin Role for Obese Male Patients with Diabetic Mellitus Type II

2021

MLU

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Hormones, their receptors, and the associated signaling pathways make compelling drug targets because of their wide-ranging biological significance to study the role of asprosin in obese male patients with diabetic mellitus type II. ELISA method was used to assay asprosin and insulin. Blood was taken with drawn sample from 30 obese normal patients with age range (40-60) years, 30 diabetic patients with age range (40-60) years at duration of disease (1-5) years and 30 normal healthy patients. The mean difference between T2DM according to insulin % (23.8±0.6) was increased than the mean of IFG (17.7±1.0) (P 0.000). The mean difference between T2DM according to asprosin (122.1±21.8) was increased than the mean of IFG (51.4±2.7) (P 0.000).the mean differences between DM2 and IFG cases in different weight groups (Ob., Ow. and Nw) according to insulin was studied, the results showed that, there were significant differences in DM and IFG obese groups (G1 and G2) according to insulin (24.18±1.13, 15.56±0.66) P (0.00), however, there were significant differences between DM and IFG in Normal weight groups (G5 and G6) according to insulin (19.98±0.93, 11.12) P (0.00), while no significant differences between DM and IFG in Over weight groups (G3 and G4) according to insulin (27.22±0.34,28.56±1.59) P (0.42).The mean differences between diabetic mellitus type 2 and impaired fasting glucose cases in different weight groups (obese, over weight and normal weight) according to Asprosin were shown in Table (3), Figure (). The results showed that, there were significant differences between DM and IFG in obese groups (G1 and G2) according to Asprosin (307.42±8.4, 66.3±2.2) P (0.00), However, there were significant differences between DM and IFG in overweight groups (G3 and G4) according to Asprosin (28.3±0.5, 51.7±3.2) P (0.00) In addition to that, there were significant differences between DM and IFG in normal weight groups (G5 and G6) according to Asprosin (30.5±1.7, 21.2±1.6

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asprosin Role for Obese Male Patients with Diabetic Mellitus Type II

2021

MLU

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“…All of these conditions come with increased risk of dying from Covid-19 [30][31][32][33]. Obesity predisposes people to developing DM, a chronic endocrine disease characterized by elevated blood glucose level [10][11][12]. DM occurs when the body content of insulin is insufficient or the secreted insulin molecules is not effective in helping glucose uptake by insulin sensitive cells.…”

Section: Diabetes Obesity and Hypertension As Major Health Risks For Covid-19 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overweight and obesity are major risk factors of numerous chronic diseases and disorders as well as health conditions. They include diabetes mellitus (DM), heart disease, liver disease, kidney failure, some cancers, respiratory diseases and many others [10][11][12]. In fact, obesity occurs in conjunction with many metabolic diseases such as DM and hyperlipidemia [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and Biochemical Mechanisms Driving the Susceptibility of Obese Subjects to Covid-19 Infection

Smail

Singh

Ismail

et al. 2021

Cellular and Biochemical Mechanisms of Obesity

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Overweight is a major global health problem currently affecting almost 2 billion people worldwide. An additional 800 million are obese. These figures showed that 40% of the global adult population aged 18 years, and over are overweight while 14% are obese. What is now worrying is that more than 40 million children worldwide, as young as 5 years of age are either overweight or obese. Individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of 25-29 kg/m 2 are considered to be overweight while obesity is the term used when the BMI is 30 kg/m 2 and over. Obesity is an imbalance between calorie intake and calorie expenditure. In general, obesity can be caused by excessive eating and reduced physical activity. Obesity is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus, respiratory and liver dysfunctions, sleep apnea, chronic inflammation, compromised immune system, renal failure, cancer, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases and others. Obesity is also a major risk factor for coronavirus disease 19 , which can induce severe cases of pneumonia and sepsis or acute respiratory distress syndrome. In many cases, Covid-19 causes severe and long-lasting damage to the lungs and other vital organs of the body resulting in death. This review describes the cellular and biochemical mechanism(s) whereby obese patients become susceptible to Covid-19 infection. It also outlines how obesity on its own can affect the lungs, which in turn become more compromised in cases of Covid-19 disease resulting in the imminent death of the patient.

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“…Generally, extracts from Momordica spp. are useful for the treatment of various diseases and many other ailments due to the several biological activities exerted such as anti-diabetic Tan et al (2008) , Madala et al (2014) , Jia et al (2017) , Islam and Jalaluddin (2019) , Perera et al (2021) , Venugopal and Dhanasekaran (2021) , anti-oxidant Acquaviva et al (2013) , Ozusaglam and Karakoca (2013) , Huang et al (2020) , Perumal et al (2021) , anti-microbial ( Kumar et al (2009) , Patel et al (2010) , Gupta et al (2011) , anti-bacterial ( Koneri et al (2006) , Orhan et al (2010) , Leelaprakash et al (2011) , Puškárová et al (2017) , Chen et al (2019) , Islam and Jalaluddin (2019) , Khadijeh et al (2019) , anti-viral Orhan et al (2010) , Santhosh Kumar et al (2020) , anti-fungal Santos et al (2012) , anthelmintic Beloin et al (2005) , Jia et al (2017) , insecticidal Pari et al (2020) , antiglycation Chen et al (2011) , anti-inflammatory Chen et al (2019) , Khadijeh et al (2019) , Perera et al (2021) , Venugopal and Dhanasekaran (2021) , anti-thrombotic Patil and Rathod (2020) , anti-allergic Asna et al (2020) , hepatoprotective Ramalhete et al (2011) , estrogenic Badhwar et al (2020) , hypolipidemic effect Aeri and Raj (2020) , anti-carcinogenic Kesari et al (2020) , anti-proliferative Yue et al (2020) , anti-mutagenic Rolnik and Olas (2020) , and chemo-preventive activities ( Gupta, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Selected Edible Crops of the Genus Momordica as Potential Sources of Phytochemicals: Biochemical, Nutritional, and Medicinal Values

et al. 2021

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Momordica species (Family Cucurbitaceae) are cultivated throughout the world for their edible fruits, leaves, shoots and seeds. Among the species of the genus Momordica, there are three selected species that are used as vegetable, and for medicinal purposes, Momordica charantia L (Bitter melon), Momordica foetida Schumach (Bitter cucumber) and Momordica balsamina L (African pumpkin). The fruits and leaves of these Momordica species are rich in primary and secondary metabolites such as proteins, fibers, minerals (calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc), β-carotene, foliate, ascorbic acid, among others. The extracts from Momordica species are used for the treatment of a variety of diseases and ailments in traditional medicine. Momordica species extracts are reputed to possess anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anthelmintic bioactivity, abortifacient, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and play chemo-preventive functions. In this review we summarize the biochemical, nutritional, and medicinal values of three Momordica species (M. charantia, M. foetida and M. balsamina) as promising and innovative sources of natural bioactive compounds for future pharmaceutical usage.

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Pathophysiology of Obesity-Related Non-communicable Chronic Diseases and Advancements in Preventive Strategies

Cited by 5 publications

References 113 publications

Asprosin Role for Obese Male Patients with Diabetic Mellitus Type II

Asprosin Role for Obese Male Patients with Diabetic Mellitus Type II

Cellular and Biochemical Mechanisms Driving the Susceptibility of Obese Subjects to Covid-19 Infection

Three Selected Edible Crops of the Genus Momordica as Potential Sources of Phytochemicals: Biochemical, Nutritional, and Medicinal Values

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