Pathophysiology of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Gallegos‐Arreola, Martha Patricia; Borjas-Gutiérrez, César; Zúñiga‐González, Guillermo Moisés; Figuera, Luis Eduardo; Puebla-Pérez, Ana Marı́a; García-González, J. R.

doi:10.5772/54652

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…[31][32][33][34][35] In this study, B-ALL was more frequent than T-ALL; this outcome agrees with many studies conducted in Jordan, Brazil, Italy, Egypt, and Mexico; all of them reported higher frequency for B-ALL than T-ALL. 26,[36][37][38][39][40] On the other hand, our finding disagrees with two studies conducted in Iran and Pakistan; both found that the frequency of T-ALL is greater than B-ALL. 41 This variation may confirm Methionine synthase reductase polymorphism and acute lymphoblastic leukemia the heterogeneous behavior of the disease and appear to be proportionate with an interplay of environmental and biological factors.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Association of methionine synthase reductase (MTRR A66G) polymorphism with susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Edris,

Merghani,

Gafar

et al. 2023

Ital J Med

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Background and Objectives. The enzyme methionine synthase reductase is involved in cellular methylation reactions, DNA synthesis, and epigenetic processes. It is encoded by the MTRR gene, which garnered a lot of attention in current medical genetics research. This study was conducted to study the association between MTRR (A66G) polymorphism and the risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukemia among Sudanese patients. Materials and Methods. This is a case-control study in which 150 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 150 healthy participants as a control group were enrolled. DNA was extracted and analyzed for the MTRR (A66G) polymorphism using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. Based on flow cytometry results, B-ALL was more common (79%) than T-ALL (21%). The comparison of hematological parameters in acute lymphoblastic leukemia subtypes showed a statistically significant high mean total white blood count (P=0.000) and mean blast percentage (P=0.050) in patients with T-ALL. The molecular analysis showed that the incidence of the MTRR homozygous genotypes AA and GG were higher in the patients (44% and 9.3%, respectively) compared to the control group (40% and 6.7%, respectively). In comparison, the heterozygous genotype AG was lower in the patients (46.7%) than in the control group (53.3%). However, the association between the polymorphism and acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk was not statistically significant (OR: 1.179, 95% CI 0.7459-1.865, P=0.445). Conclusions. This study concluded that MTRR A66G polymorphism was not associated with the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia among the Sudanese population.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Association of methionine synthase reductase (MTRR A66G) polymorphism with susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Edris,

Merghani,

Gafar

et al. 2023

Ital J Med

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“…While B-cell ALL has multiple subtypes based on genetic variations, T-cell ALL has insufficient evidence for unique subgroups. [98][99][100][101] Conversely, multiple myeloma (MM) is specifically due to malignancy in plasma B-cells. This also affects the bone matrix, due to increased osteoclastic activity and decreased osteoblastic activity.…”

Section: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (All) and Multiple Myeloma (Mm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dexamethasone Mechanism in Inflammatory Immune Mediated Disease and its Application in Treating 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

Seo

Priefer

2020

MRAJ

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Since the very first medical use of dexamethasone (DEX) in 1958, this glucocorticoid (GC) has been widely used in various clinical applications. Compared to other GCs, DEX is highly potent and comes in multiple formulations for ease of local and systemic administrations. Recently, DEX has a new application for treating COVID-19 patients. DEX mainly inhibits expressions of inflammatory proteins and transcription factors necessarily for cell proliferation. DEX can both upregulate and downregulate expressions of the genes that facilitates anti- inflammatory effects and immunosuppression. Key proteins involved in DEX pathways are NF- B, AP-1, COX-2, and annexin A1. When used appropriately, DEX can minimize inflammatory pain and damage but it can also delay patient recovery by immunosuppression. Due to this duality, DEX should be used with caution for treatment considerations. Long-term systemic use could lead to debilitating adverse reactions and firm recommendations should be established in treating both acute and chronic disease with DEX.

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“…Increase of plasmatic YKL-40 as a biomarker of severe active disease and poor prognosis appears in patients with specified diseases with inflammation and progressive tissue changes such as ovarian cancer, acute leukemia, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, liver and pancreatic cancer, melanoma cells, and glioblastoma cells. 6,[9][10][11][12][13][14] Previous studies have shown that increased levels of YKL-40 expression are related to the severity of development and degree of disease in leukemia. These findings suggest that YKL-40 is a positive factor in the proliferation and invasion of leukemia cells.…”

Section: Resveratrol and Prednisolone Downregulate Ykl-40 Protein In ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, providing retrospective clinical trials of patients with eight types of primary and advanced solid tumors, suggests that the serum concentration of YKL-40 may be a novel biomarker in cancer patients as a prognostic. 6,[9][10][11] Increased levels of YKL-40 in many cancers: ovarian cancer, acute leukemia, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, liver and pancreatic cancer, melanoma cells, and glioblastoma cells. In addition, increased levels of YKL-40 can be an independent prognostic factor for many malignancies, especially for cervical and endometrial cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of tumor suppressor of resveratrol and prednisolone by downregulation of YKL‐40 expression in CCRF‐CEM cell line

Heydarabad

Baharaghdam

Azimi

et al. 2018

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is characterized by excessive accumulation of lymphoblast and progenitors. Leukemia is the most common cancer in children and ALL is the most common subtype. Many studies have shown that the YKL-40 gene is one of the most widely expressed genes in tumors, including leukemia, but not in healthy blood cells. Clinical studies have shown that serum YKL-40 levels have a positive correlation with tumor expansion, in addition to being a prognostic agent independent of a short relapse-free interval, as well as a brief overall survival in patients with various cancers. The previous study shows that YKL-40 is closely related to the degree of pathology or degree of human leukemia pathology and plays an important role in cell proliferation. Hence, the YKL-40 can be an attractive target in designing anticancer therapies. Methods: CCRF-CEM cells were treated with resveratrol and prednisolone. For analysis of YKL-40 expression changes under medication, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot techniques were used at resonating intervals of 24 and 48 hours. Results: The effect of 15, 50, and 100 μM resveratrol and 700 μM of prednisolone on CCRF-CEM cells reduced YKL-40. The YKL-40 gene was quantitatively measured using RT-PCR. The Western blot method was used to evaluate changes in the expression of YKL-40 protein. Conclusion: In this study, we first evaluated YKL-40 expression and resveratrol and prednisolone effect on YKL-40 in ALL. This finding supports the idea of targeting YKL-40 as a new drug treatment of ALL and extends the use of resveratrol in antileukemia research. K E Y W O R D S acute lymphoblastic leukemia, gene expression, prednisolone, resveratrol, YKL-40 gene

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Pathophysiology of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Cited by 5 publications

References 96 publications

Association of methionine synthase reductase (MTRR A66G) polymorphism with susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Association of methionine synthase reductase (MTRR A66G) polymorphism with susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Dexamethasone Mechanism in Inflammatory Immune Mediated Disease and its Application in Treating 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

The role of tumor suppressor of resveratrol and prednisolone by downregulation of YKL‐40 expression in CCRF‐CEM cell line

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