Pathophysiology and immunogenetics of celiac disease

Aboulaghras, Sara; Piancatelli, D.; Oumhani, Khadija; Balahbib, Abdelaali; Bouyahya, Abdelhakim; Taghzouti, Khalid

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2022.01.022

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…A breakdown in microbiota, innate immunity, genetics, and dietary variables disrupts homeostasis, inflammation, and tissue damage. If we focus on this link and its breakdown, we may be able to understand CD etiology and find novel ways to prevent and cure this prevalent disease [18,19]. Researchers have observed that the amount and quality of gluten eaten, the pattern of infant feeding, and the age at which gluten is introduced to the diet may all influence CD development.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of CDmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric and Neurological Manifestations of Celiac Disease in Adults

Alkhiari¹

2023

Cureus

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Celiac disease (CD), a chronic inflammatory disorder of the intestines, affects 0.7% to 1.4% of the world's population. CD causes diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, bloating, flatulence, and, in rare cases, constipation in the digestive tract. Since the identification of gluten as the disease-causing antigen, CD patients have been treated with a gluten-free diet, which is advantageous but has limitations for certain patient groups. CD is associated with mood disorders, such as manic-depressive disease, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder, as well as other disorders such as depression and anxiety. The relationship between CD and psychological issues is not entirely understood. Here, we look at the most recent psychiatric data as they pertain to CD, as well as the relevant psychiatric manifestations that have been associated with this condition. Clinicians should examine mental health factors when a CD diagnosis is established. More research is needed to understand the pathophysiology of CD's psychiatric manifestations.

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Section: Pathophysiology Of CDmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric and Neurological Manifestations of Celiac Disease in Adults

Alkhiari¹

2023

Cureus

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“…Intriguingly, several studies have reported the absence of TG2-specific T cells, casting doubt on the conventional understanding of how anti-TG2 B cells might be activated to produce these specific antibodies [32]. One prevailing hypothesis suggests the potential formation of a covalent bond between TG2 and gluten [33], thereby creating an immunogenic complex that can be recognized by CD4+ T cells.…”

Section: Adaptive Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Immunopathological Landscape of Celiac Disease: A Comprehensive Review

Patt,

Lahat,

David

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Celiac disease (CD) presents a complex interplay of both innate and adaptive immune responses that drive a variety of pathological manifestations. Recent studies highlight the role of immune-mediated pathogenesis, pinpointing the involvement of antibodies against tissue transglutaminases (TG2, TG3, TG6), specific HLA molecules (DQ2/8), and the regulatory role of interleukin-15, among other cellular and molecular pathways. These aspects illuminate the systemic nature of CD, reflecting its wide-reaching impact that extends beyond gastrointestinal symptoms to affect other physiological systems and giving rise to a range of pathological landscapes, including refractory CD (RCD) and, in severe cases, enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma. The existing primary therapeutic strategy, a gluten-free diet (GFD), poses significant challenges, such as low adherence rates, necessitating alternative treatments. Emerging therapies target various stages of the disease pathology, from preventing immunogenic gluten peptide absorption to enhancing intestinal epithelial integrity and modulating the immune response, heralding potential breakthroughs in CD management. As the understanding of CD deepens, novel therapeutic avenues are emerging, paving the way for more effective and sophisticated treatment strategies with the aim of enhancing the quality of life of CD patients. This review aims to delineate the immunopathology of CD and exploring its implications on other systems, its complications and the development of novel treatments.

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“…Nutritional education, patient support groups, and dietary support should be offered to patients with CD from day one of diagnosis. Patients with CD should be referred to a dedicated dietitian who is well-trained concerning CD in order to get a detailed nutritional assessment, education on the GFD, and subsequent monitoring [ 12 , 25 ]. A dietetic review supported by questionnaires is a useful tool to provide education for a balanced and adequate but not excessive nutrient intake [ 20 , 40 ].…”

Section: Out With the Old Gluten-free Diet?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, 1.4% of the world’s population has CD, with an increasing incidence of around 7.5% each year, which is why CD is considered an important health problem [ 11 ]. We are not certain that the consumption of gluten itself plays a role in growing incidence rates, but we can state that the wide spread of accurate diagnostic tests and increased awareness among general practitioners and other medical physicians have led to a better screening and diagnostic process [ 12 ]. As previously reported, CD is the result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors that enable the loss of tolerance to gluten proteins and progression toward overt CD while favoring additional food intolerance [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replacing the Burden of the Gluten Free Diet: Then, Now, and the Future

Nemteanu

Ciortescu

Hincu

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Without a doubt, a majority of diseases are food-pattern-related. However, one disease stands out as an increasingly more common autoimmune-mediated enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten. Celiac disease (CD) is an old disease, with changing clinical patterns, affecting any age, including infancy and adolescence, and becoming more frequent among the elderly. The gluten-free diet (GFD) has been the sole provider of clinical, serological, and histological improvement for patients with CD for more than seven decades. Nowadays, complete avoidance of dietary gluten is rarely possible because of the wide availability of wheat and other processed foods that contain even more gluten, to the detriment of gluten-free products. Undeniably, there is a definite need for replacing the burdensome GFD. An add-on therapy that could control the dietary transgressions and inadvertent gluten consumption that can possibly lead to overt CD should be considered while on GFD. Nevertheless, future drugs should be able to provide patients some freedom to self-manage CD and increase food independence, while actively reducing exposure and mucosal damage and alleviating GI symptoms. Numerous clinical trials assessing different molecules have already been performed with favorable outcomes, and hopefully they will soon be available for patient use.

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Pathophysiology and immunogenetics of celiac disease

Cited by 23 publications

References 141 publications

Psychiatric and Neurological Manifestations of Celiac Disease in Adults

Psychiatric and Neurological Manifestations of Celiac Disease in Adults

Unraveling the Immunopathological Landscape of Celiac Disease: A Comprehensive Review

Replacing the Burden of the Gluten Free Diet: Then, Now, and the Future

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