Pathomorphological features of calcinosis circumscripta in a dog

Abstract

A 19-month-old male German shepherd dog was presented with a hindlimb footpad mass. The mass was excised and histopathology was performed. Grossly, the cut section of the mass had multiple well-circumscribed nodules with a chalky appearance. Histopathologically, basophilic-stained calcium deposits of various sizes were distributed from dermis to subcutis, surrounded by epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant cells, and reactive fibroblasts. Myxoid metaplasia, calcium deposits in hair follicles, and psammoma-like bodies were also found. These histopathologic observations will greatly help to understand the pathogenesis of calcinosis circumscripta.

Calcinosis cutánea en un perro con hipercortisolismo: Reporte de caso

“…(Jiang et al, 2022;Oliveira et al, 2023;Tafti et al, 2005). A forma distrófica ou idiopática ocorre quando a calcificação acontece em um local em que houve um dano tecidual, podendo ser devido a trauma, manipulação cirúrgica, necrose, inflamação, hipercortisolismo ou neoplasia, porém, os níveis séricos de cálcio e fósforo encontram-se normais (Lee et al, 2016;Tafti et al, 2005). Segundo Tolon et al (2018), este subtipo está associado a doenças endócrinas como o HAC, pois pacientes que são tratados com corticoides durante um longo período, comprovando o achado descrito no relato.…”

“…Segundo a bibliografia, as zonas da pele suscetíveis a flexões repetitivas são mais propensas à ocorrência de calcinose cutânea, nomeadamente as superfícies de flexão da virilha, da nuca e das axilas. Ainda que de forma mais rara, existem também relatos de lesões de calcinose cutânea no dorso (Ferguson, 1996;Joffe, 1996;Lee et al, 2016;Tolon et al, 2018), local onde foram encontradas lesões no atendimento descrito. O diagnóstico é baseado em uma combinação de histórico clínico, avaliação clínica, exame físico, exames laboratoriais, radiografia e biópsia.…”

Severe Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease in Binturongs (Arctictis binturong)

“…1,10 Secondary HADD is described in humans and animals with chronic renal disease associated with calcium-phosphorus imbalance and metastatic mineralization. 4 –6,9,10…”

“…[4][5][6]9,10 HADD manifesting in footpads is described in domestic dogs 6 and zoo species, including the turtles noted above and in rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis), occurring as either primary or secondary deposition disease. 1,5,6 The pathogenesis of HADD localizing in the footpads is unknown, though hydroxyapatite deposition occurs under conditions of hyperphosphatemia (metastatic mineralization), preferentially in areas of repetitive microtrauma and hemorrhage, which may be most prominent on footpads and pressure points similar to major joints. HADD of the footpads may occur particularly in animals maintained on hard, abrasive substrates, suggesting a possible component of dystrophic mineralization.…”

“…1,10 Secondary HADD is described in humans and animals with chronic renal disease associated with calcium-phosphorus imbalance and metastatic mineralization. [4][5][6]9,10 HADD manifesting in footpads is described in domestic dogs 6 and zoo species, including the turtles noted above and in rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis), occurring as either primary or secondary deposition disease. 1,5,6 The pathogenesis of HADD localizing in the footpads is unknown, though hydroxyapatite deposition occurs under conditions of hyperphosphatemia (metastatic mineralization), preferentially in areas of repetitive microtrauma and hemorrhage, which may be most prominent on footpads and pressure points similar to major joints.…”