Pathology of Aging Skin

Jia, Qunshan; Nash, John J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27814-3_28-2

Cited by 3 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…2,5 The differences in the clinical and histologic features of intrinsic and extrinsic aging of the skin can be seen in including apoptosis and cellular senescence (Figure 2). 2,3,7 Telomeres shorten to a limit after proliferation causing cells to age and lose normal physiological functions.…”

Section: Intrinsic Aging Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Free radicals are generated endogenously and exogenously causing oxidative damage to cellular components including DNA. 3 The complex antioxidant system of enzymatic and nonenzymatic effectors evolves to scavenge endogenous and exogenous free radicals in the skin.…”

Section: Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estrogen triggers epidermal mitotic activity, but the exact mechanism is not known. 3 On the epidermis, 17β-estradiol stimulates the proliferation and synthesis of keratinocyte DNA, estradiol stimulates cell proliferation through cell membrane receptors. 11 Estrogen plays a protective role in the human epidermis using estradiol preventing apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide in epidermal keratinocytes.…”

Section: Factors Hormonal Changes In Skin Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…4). 3,4 An additional layer on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, the stratum lucidum, lies between the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum. Other cells in the epidermis are melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells.…”

Section: Normal Skin Histologic and Intrinsic Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 The theory of intrinsic skin aging with intracellular mechanisms is broadly divided into 3, namely telomere shortening, decreased Deoxyribonucleic (DNA) repair, and oxidative stress. 3 Intrinsic aging is also influenced by several factors such as ethnicity, anatomical variations, and hormonal changes. 4 Intrinsic aging includes decreased collagen production, decreased blood circulation, decreased fat content, and loss of rete ridges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomy and Histologic of Intrinsic Aging Skin

2021

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Aging is an inevitable and dynamic biological process that is characterized by the progressive deterioration of body systems and declines in physiological reserve capacity. Aging skin has distinct two types: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic changes reduce collagen production, blood flow, amount of skin lipid, and loss of rete ridges. Intrinsic aging or chronological aging is cannot be restored to the skin with characterized by sagging skin and some expression of excess wrinkling lines. Intrinsic aging changes in thickness and characteristics of the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Histologically, epidermis thinner by leveling off the dermo-epidermal junction. In the dermis, collagen fibers become thicker and irregular than younger skin, reducing the elasticity of the skin, while hypodermis reduces lipid volume.

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Section: Intrinsic Aging Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Hormonal Changes In Skin Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Normal Skin Histologic and Intrinsic Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomy and Histologic of Intrinsic Aging Skin

2021

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Exosomes: A Promising Strategy for Repair, Regeneration and Treatment of Skin Disorders

Tienda-Vázquez,

Hanel,

Márquez-Arteaga

et al. 2023

Cells

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The skin is the organ that serves as the outermost layer of protection against injury, pathogens, and homeostasis with external factors; in turn, it can be damaged by factors such as burns, trauma, exposure to ultraviolet light (UV), infrared radiation (IR), activating signaling pathways such as Toll-like receptors (TLR) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), among others, causing a need to subsequently repair and regenerate the skin. However, pathologies such as diabetes lengthen the inflammatory stage, complicating the healing process and, in some cases, completely inhibiting it, generating susceptibility to infections. Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles that can be isolated and purified from different sources such as blood, urine, breast milk, saliva, urine, umbilical cord bile cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. They have bioactive compounds that, thanks to their paracrine activity, have proven to be effective as anti-inflammatory agents, inducers of macrophage polarization and accelerators of skin repair and regeneration, reducing the possible complications relating to poor wound repair, and prolonged inflammation. This review provides information on the use of exosomes as a promising therapy against damage from UV light, infrared radiation, burns, and skin disorders.

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