Exosomes: A Promising Strategy for Repair, Regeneration and Treatment of Skin Disorders

Abstract

The skin is the organ that serves as the outermost layer of protection against injury, pathogens, and homeostasis with external factors; in turn, it can be damaged by factors such as burns, trauma, exposure to ultraviolet light (UV), infrared radiation (IR), activating signaling pathways such as Toll-like receptors (TLR) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), among others, causing a need to subsequently repair and regenerate the skin. However, pathologies such as diabetes lengthen the inflammatory stage, complicating the healing process and, in some cases, completely inhibiting it, generating susceptibility to infections. Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles that can be isolated and purified from different sources such as blood, urine, breast milk, saliva, urine, umbilical cord bile cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. They have bioactive compounds that, thanks to their paracrine activity, have proven to be effective as anti-inflammatory agents, inducers of macrophage polarization and accelerators of skin repair and regeneration, reducing the possible complications relating to poor wound repair, and prolonged inflammation. This review provides information on the use of exosomes as a promising therapy against damage from UV light, infrared radiation, burns, and skin disorders.

Exosomes derived from ITGB1 modified Telocytes alleviates LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress through YAP1/ROS axis

“…Exosomes, as highlighted in our study, serve as critical mediators of intercellular communication, capable of transferring bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA between cells [ 27 , 30 ]. The formation of these nanoscale vesicles and their role in physiological and pathological processes, including tissue repair and inflammation, provides a novel insight into the mechanisms of disease progression and potential therapeutic strategies [ 31 , 32 ]. The inclusion of exosome-related findings in our discussion emphasizes their emerging significance in the context of ALI/ARDS, particularly as vehicles for delivering therapeutic agents like ITGB1-modified TC-derived exosomes to injured tissues.…”

Exosomal Dynamics and Brain Redox Imbalance: Implications in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology and Diagnosis

“…For example, exosomes secreted by stem cells have been shown to promote tissue repair and regeneration by delivering growth factors and other bioactive molecules to damaged cells. Exosomes are also involved in immune regulation and response [ 112 , 113 ]. Immune cells can secrete exosomes that contain cytokines, chemokines and other signaling molecules that can stimulate or suppress immune responses [ 114 ].…”

Clinically Actionable Topical Strategies for Addressing the Hallmarks of Skin Aging: A Primer for Aesthetic Medicine Practitioners

“…In the context of skin aging, this communication can be disrupted, leading to a decline in skin integrity and function [ 8 ]. In the realm of skin aging, exosomes, defined as small vesicles that transport proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cells, have garnered significant interest [ 89 , 90 ]. Studies have explored the use of exosomes derived from various sources, such as bovine milk or human placental mesenchymal stem cells, as a means to deliver beneficial molecules to the skin [ 90 ].…”