Pathological Study on the Scuticociliatosis Affecting Farmed Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in Japan

Moustafa, Eman M.; Naota, Misaki; Morita, Takehito; Tange, Nahoko; Shimada, Akinori

doi:10.1292/jvms.10-0026

Cited by 39 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Scuticociliatosis is frequently accompanied by bacterial infection, as previously reported in the seahorse Hippocampus kuda (DECLERCQ et al, 2014). Mortality in Japanese flounder can reach 70-80%, as reported by Moustafa et al (2010a). The lesions herein observed such as hemorrhages, inflammatory reaction in the skeletal muscle and necrosis of the secondary lamellae were similar to those previously related (MOUSTAFA et al, 2010a).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The disease has a worldwide distribution and causes lesions on the body surface and gills in addition to systemic infection (PIAZZON et al, 2014), being responsible for high mortality rates. The fish species most affected are the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (IGLESIAS et al, 2001;JIN et al, 2009;MOUSTAFA et al, 2010a), turbot Scophthalmus maximus (IGLESIAS et al, 2001;WHANG et al, 2013), sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (WHANG et al, 2013), Southern bluefin tuna Thunnus maccoyii (MUNDAY et al, 1997;GARZA et al, 2017), grouper Polyprion oxygeneios, yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi (SMITH et al, 2009), and silver pomfret Pampus argenteus (AZAD et al, 2007). The most pathogenic scuticociliates are Pseudocohnilembus persalinus Evans & Thompson, 1964, Pseudocohnilembus longisetus Evans & Thompson, 1964, U. marinum, and Miamiensis avidus Thompson & Moewus, 1964(GARZA et al, 2017MOUSTAFA et al, 2010b;WHANG et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First report of scuticociliatosis caused by Uronema sp. in ornamental reef fish imported into Brazil

Cardoso

Balian

Matushima

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Scuticociliatosis, which is caused by an opportunistic ciliate protozoan, is responsible for significant economic losses in marine ornamental fish. This study reports the occurrence of Uronema sp., which was found to be parasitizing three species of marine reef fish imported into Brazil and maintained in quarantine: Vanderbilt's Chromis (Chromis vanderbilti), blue-green damselfish (Chromis viridis), and sea goldie (Pseudanthias squamipinnis). During the quarantine period, some fish presented with behavioral disorders and hemorrhages and ulcerative lesions on the body surface. Histopathological analysis showed hemorrhages, inflammation comprising mononuclear and granular cells in the skeletal muscle, and necrosis of the skin and the secondary lamellae of the gills, and parasites were also observed in the renal capsule. The absence of transboundary measures available to prevent the occurrence of ornamental fish diseases is also discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of scuticociliatosis caused by Uronema sp. in ornamental reef fish imported into Brazil

Cardoso

Balian

Matushima

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…In fact, the gross production of this species amounts to 30,000 tons annually in China. However, increasing industrial farming has rendered Japanese flounder susceptible to various pathogens, including viruses [2], bacteria [3], and parasites [4], which have resulted in severe infectious diseases and heavy economic losses. To reduce the impact of disease, knowledge about the immune system and defense mechanisms against pathogens in this fish species is essential for the establishment of effective measures in disease control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De Novo Assembly of the Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Spleen Transcriptome to Identify Putative Genes Involved in Immunity

Huang

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundJapanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an economically important marine fish in Asia and has suffered from disease outbreaks caused by various pathogens, which requires more information for immune relevant genes on genome background. However, genomic and transcriptomic data for Japanese flounder remain scarce, which limits studies on the immune system of this species. In this study, we characterized the Japanese flounder spleen transcriptome using an Illumina paired-end sequencing platform to identify putative genes involved in immunity.Methodology/Principal FindingsA cDNA library from the spleen of P. olivaceus was constructed and randomly sequenced using an Illumina technique. The removal of low quality reads generated 12,196,968 trimmed reads, which assembled into 96,627 unigenes. A total of 21,391 unigenes (22.14%) were annotated in the NCBI Nr database, and only 1.1% of the BLASTx top-hits matched P. olivaceus protein sequences. Approximately 12,503 (58.45%) unigenes were categorized into three Gene Ontology groups, 19,547 (91.38%) were classified into 26 Cluster of Orthologous Groups, and 10,649 (49.78%) were assigned to six Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Furthermore, 40,928 putative simple sequence repeats and 47, 362 putative single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified. Importantly, we identified 1,563 putative immune-associated unigenes that mapped to 15 immune signaling pathways.Conclusions/SignificanceThe P. olivaceus transciptome data provides a rich source to discover and identify new genes, and the immune-relevant sequences identified here will facilitate our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the immune response. Furthermore, the plentiful potential SSRs and SNPs found in this study are important resources with respect to future development of a linkage map or marker assisted breeding programs for the flounder.

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“…In Japan, though the cause of the outbreak of scuticociliatosis in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was considered to be unidentified ciliate [23] for many years, it has recently become clear that the main cause of the scuticociliatosis is Miamiensis avidus as demonstrated in our previous study [6]. Exophthalmia, protrusion of eye ball, was detected in many affected fish accompanied by brain lesions; the findings enabled us to focus on the significance of the neural route for entry and dissemination of the scuticociliate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Experimental Scuticociliatosis in Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Infected with Miamiensis avidus: Pathological Study on the Possible Neural Routes of Invasion and Dissemination of the Scuticociliate inside the Fish Body

Moustafa

Tange

Shimada

et al. 2010

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were experimentally infected with the highly pathogenic scuticociliate Miamiensis avidus (syn. Philasterides dicentrarachi) using the immersion method to clarify/identify the possible neural routes of entry and possible ways of dissemination of the scuticociliate in the fish body. Scuticociliates were observed on the skin and gills right from day 0-1 postinfection, muscle tissue on day 2 post-infection, reached the brain, and spinal cord on day 3 post-infection, and systemic infection was prominent afterwards. Brain lesions were observed in most of the examined fish from days 3 and 4 post-infection and considered to be the cause of the sudden increase in mortality. Affected fish showed varying degrees of tissue damage including severe epidermal and dermal necrotic lesions, necrotic myositis, encephalitis and myelitis. Whereas, scuticociliates were frequently observed along the optic and/or olfactory nerve in the fish which were accompanied by severe brain lesions but by minimum lesions in the gills and skin, suggesting that in addition to skin and/or gills, neural routes including periorbital and nasal routes may play a role in scuticociliate invasion to the brain. Scuticociliates were also observed in the peripheral nerve fibers in the muscle tissue, cranial and spinal nerves, cranial cavity and in the vertebral canal, suggesting that nerve fibers and/or cerebrospinal fluid circulation may be involved in the spread of the scuticociliate throughout the body in addition to the blood circulation and connective tissue.

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Pathological Study on the Scuticociliatosis Affecting Farmed Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in Japan

Cited by 39 publications

References 15 publications

First report of scuticociliatosis caused by Uronema sp. in ornamental reef fish imported into Brazil

First report of scuticociliatosis caused by Uronema sp. in ornamental reef fish imported into Brazil

De Novo Assembly of the Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Spleen Transcriptome to Identify Putative Genes Involved in Immunity

Experimental Scuticociliatosis in Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Infected with Miamiensis avidus: Pathological Study on the Possible Neural Routes of Invasion and Dissemination of the Scuticociliate inside the Fish Body

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