Pathological study of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) sub-adult artificially infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract

Hematology and histopathological variations in Clarias gariepinus sub-adults subjected to oral challenge with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 were studied for a period of 21 days, with a view to assess the pathogenesis of the bacteria and compared with a control. The results were compared statistically using One-way ANOVA. The symptoms of the infected fish included tail and fin rot, internal hemorrhages and skin patches of superficial ulcers. Tissue sections revealed marked loss and sloughing off of the gill lamellar epithelium, liver showed that hepatocytes appear finely reticulated and foamy; however there were a few foci of large cytoplasmic vacuolations of the hepatocytes and the sinusoids were moderately congested while the intestine showed shortened rugae; the submucosa glands were reduced in numbers; however the surface epithelial cells appeared to be proliferating rapidly and immature (hyperplastic). There was a significant reduction in the mean values of packed cell volume from 34.67±5.2% to 22.33±0.3%, hemoglobin from 9.77±0.2g/dL to 6.97±0.2g/dL, red blood cell from 2.23±0.3x10 12 /L to 1.27±0.1 x10 12 /L and lymphocyte count from 69.00±2.3% to 52.33±0.9% of C. gariepinus after three weeks of exposure to P. aeruginosa. However, the reverse was the case in the mean values obtained for white blood cell and neutrophil for infected fish which were reasonably higher when compared to that of uninfected fish (17.13±0.5 to10.80±0.3x10 9 /L) and (47.33±1.2% to 30.33±2.9%) respectively. It could therefore be concluded that changes in organs and blood parameters of fish occur proportionately to pathogen invasion.

Therapeutic effects of medicinal plants and their constituents on lung cancer, in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence

“…Onion bulbs (100 g) was peeled, washed, cut into pieces and crushed and percolated in 500 mL of distilled water for 3 days with intermittent shaking. Using Whattman no.1 filter paper the extract was filtered to get fine 178 …”

“…Using Whattman no.1 filter paper the extract was filtered to get fine. 178 Growth-inhibitory activity in cell culture NCI-H209 lung cancer cells treated with QT (5 μM) glucuronides are less likely to survive but they exhibit a higher percentage of cells in the G2/M phase, subG0/G1 phase and in the G2/M phase over time. 179 Raising cyclin B expression and glucuronic acid, Cdc25c-ser-216-pand Wee1 levels were also reduced, indicating G2/M arrest.…”

Role of dietary probiotic Ecotec in growth enhancement, thyroid tuning, hematomorphology and resistance to pathogenic challenge in Labeo rohita juveniles

“…Wenobserved that probiotic treated fish had a low number of leukocytes as compared to the control fish. Number of leukocytes have been reported to rise upon bacterial infections in fish (Amrevuawho et al 2014). A high number of TLCs in the control group thus indicate a stressful condition in the control group.…”

Prevalence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria in freshwater fish farms

“…A. veronii infection results in distinct alterations in hepatic tissues, such as vacuolar degeneration, necrosis, and hepatocyte and melanophore aggregation in O. niloticus (Hassan et al., 2017) and largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Huizinga et al, 1979), and the severity of the lesions has been associated with virulence factors. Although the hepatic tissues of healthy C. gariepinus have shown different sizes of cytoplasmic vacuoles, P. aeruginosa infection causes marked vacuolar degeneration; thus, the damage to the liver observed may be due to the fact that it is the main detoxifying site of bacterial toxins (Amrevuawho et al., 2014). In addition, the extracellular products of P. fluorescens reportedly lead to degenerative changes and severe haemorrhage in the hepatic tissues of O. niloticus (Mahmoud et al., 2014; Miyazaki et al., 1984).…”