Prevalence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria in freshwater fish farms

Abstract

The emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria (ARBs) has become a threat to the aquatic industry. Virulent bacterial spp. namely Aeromonas hydrophila, A. veronii, Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. aeruginosa that were isolated from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) were collected from freshwater fish farms at three different sites, and their associated antibiotic‐resistant genes (ARBs) were further characterized. The ARGs for sulphonamide and tetracycline were the most prevalent ones. Out of 50 O. niloticus and 50 M. cephalus, A. hydrophila (16.5 ± 5.5 and 11 ± 1.0 respectively) and P. aeruginosa (16 ± 1.0 and 12.5 ± 2.5 respectively) had significantly higher infection rates. At site 3, O. niloticus and M. cephalus showed severe lesions in the hepatic tissues which had higher residues of iron (Fe, 1238.3–1250.0 µg/g) and zinc (Zn, 940.0–078.0 µg/g) compared with sites 1 and 2. The severity of hepatic tissue lesions was associated with bacterial infection and heavy metal residues, and also the presence of ARGs was associated with histopathological alterations of the hepatic tissues. It was concluded that ARGs (sulphonamide and tetracycline) could be developed in bacteria isolated from fish, which subjected to heavy metal pollution (Fe, Mn and Zn).

Antibacterial Activity of Bioactive Compounds from Endophytic Fungi against P. aeruginosa isolated from Freshwater Fishes

“…The secondary metabolites from the cultures of endophytic fungi have been originate to have cytotoxic, antiviral, antimicrobial and anticancer activities (Nisa et al, 2015). The outcomes of the present study shown that out of 217 fish samples examined, 13.3% ( 23 The extensive use of antimicrobials in husbandry and aquaculture promotes the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant zoonotic pathogens (Sherif et al, 2021). Twenty two antibiotics belonged to 14 different antibiotic groups were tested against 30 isolates of P. aeruginosa.…”

“…who are responsible for choosing effective antibiotics that can be used for the treatment and prevention of disease (El-Bahar et al, 2019 andSherif et al, 2021 ). Commercial use of antibiotics in aquaculture needs to be reduced and replaced by other equally effective and non-resistance causing natural and bioactive products.…”

A critical review on the antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic residue and metagenomics‐assisted antimicrobial resistance gene detection in freshwater aquaculture environment

“…Antimicrobial resistance genes for tetracycline and sulphonamide were predominantly isolated from highly virulent bacterial species such as A. hydrophila, A. veronii, P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens from O. niloticus and M. cephalus cultured in freshwater fish farms in Egypt (Sherif et al, 2020). Similarly, tetracycline-resistant Photobacterium sp., Vibrio sp., Pseudomonas sp., Alteromonas sp., Citrobacter sp.…”

“…niloticus and M . cephalus cultured in freshwater fish farms in Egypt (Sherif et al, 2020). Similarly, tetracycline‐resistant Photobacterium sp., Vibrio sp., Pseudomonas sp., Alteromonas sp., Citrobacter sp.…”

Mitigating Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia through dietary Basella alba and Withania somnifera supplementation: A bioassay‐guided fractionation approach

“…Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the most common pathogenic bacteria causing disease among cultured and wild fish and restricting the development of commercial aquaculture throughout the world (Moustafa et al, 2020). Besides Oreochromis niloticus (Ibrahem et al, 2008), susceptibility to and pathogenicity of A. hydrophila have been reported in a variety of freshwater species like Clarias batrachus (Sherif et al, 2021), Cyprinus carpio (Citarasu et al, 2011) and Channa striata (Duc et al, 2013). A. hydrophila infection has often been associated with skin lesions, ulcers, tail and fin rot, haemorrhagic septicaemia over the body, necrosis in the liver and kidney of fish (Hassan et al, 2020).…”