Pathological and genotoxicological observations in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) living on chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood

Leaching of CCA-treated wood: implications for waste disposal

“…While the arsenic, chromium, and copper in CCA-treated wood are "fixed" such that the majority of preservative remains in the wood for several decades, small amounts of the metals nonetheless do leach over time [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Preservative leaching from CCA-treated wood in the environment is an issue of concern with respect to both the wood product performance and possible impacts on human health and the environment [10,[17][18][19].…”

Active biomonitoring of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis with integrated use of micronucleus assay and physiological indices to assess harbor pollution

“…Several studies have referred to the interest of using gill cells in the determination of genotoxic effects, especially in the evaluation of the micronucleus frequency (Bolognesi et al, 2004;Kalpaxis et al, 2004;Nigro et al, 2006). As a matter of fact, when this tissue is in direct contact with ambient water, it becomes more sensitive to the action of genotoxic agents (Barsiene et al, 2003;Majone et al, 1987;Scarpato et al, 1990a,b;Van der gaag et al, 1990;Weis et al, 1995). Also, according to the study of Michel and Vincent-Hubert (2012), the gill cells in suspension, obtained from an enzymatic dissociation of various types of gill cells, are more sensitive to genotoxic substances than hemocytes.…”

Histopathology of the Digestive Tissues and Whole-Body Anaerobic Bacteria Counts of the Eastern Oyster,Crassostrea virginica, After Experimental Exposure to Anoxia

“…Morphologic changes in the digestive tissue of oysters can be indicative of environmental stressors such as altered tidal flows, decreased nutrient levels, water pollution, heavy-metal pollution and possibly anoxia (Shaw & Battle 1957, Morton 1977, Couch 1984, Winstead 1995, Carricker & Gaffney 1996. During periods of environmental stress, normal cuboidal epithelial cells that line the digestive tubule transform into simple, low squamous epithelial cells (Couch 1985, Weis et al 1995. Along with epithelial cell atrophy, a contemporaneous change in lumen shape and size can be observed.…”

“…Along with epithelial cell atrophy, a contemporaneous change in lumen shape and size can be observed. Rounded dilated lumens with increased tubule lumen ratios have been documented in nutritionally deprived oysters as well as oysters exposed to environmental pollutants (Winstead 1995, Weis et al 1995. Cell death, necrosis, and sloughing of secretory absorptive cells into the digestive tubule lumen occur with prolonged stressful environmental conditions (Couch 1985).…”