“…Despite the changes in the pattern of HIV‐associated disease, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid remains one of the most frequently examined cytological specimens. The overall diagnostic yield from BAL in HIV immunosuppression is 60–76% 74–77 . The most commonly diagnosed organisms are P. carinii (44%), MTB, M. kansasii , Histoplasma , Cryptococcus and bacterial infection.…”