Pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of H5N1 subtype isolated in Thailand for different poultry species

Saito, Takehiko; Watanabe, Chiaki; Takemae, Nobuhiro; Chaisingh, Arunee; Uchida, Yuko; Buranathai, Chantanee; Suzuki, Hirofumi; Okamatsu, Masatoshi; Imada, Tadao; Parchariyanon, Sujira; Traiwanatam, Nimit; Yamaguchi, Shigeo

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.06.020

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In contrast, chukar partridges and red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) may not be a reservoir for LPAI viruses (30,32). Yet abundant studies have proven that HPAI viruses are able to infect and cause lesions and death in many types of gallinaceous poultry under experimental conditions (22,32,33,(42)(43)(44)(45). Collectively, these findings highlight the relevance of avian species other than chickens, turkeys, and domestic ducks in the epidemiology of AI in small farming operations, village poultry, and LPM systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathobiology of Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Infections in Minor Gallinaceous Poultry Supports Early Backyard Flock Introductions in the Western United States in 2014-2015

Bertran

Lee

Pantin‐Jackwood

et al. 2017

J Virol

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In 2014 and 2015, the United States experienced an unprecedented outbreak of Eurasian clade 2.3.4.4 H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus. Initial cases affected mainly wild birds and mixed backyard poultry species, while later outbreaks affected mostly commercial chickens and turkeys. The pathogenesis, transmission, and intrahost evolutionary dynamics of initial Eurasian H5N8 and reassortant H5N2 clade 2.3.4.4 HPAI viruses in the United States were investigated in minor gallinaceous poultry species (i.e., species for which the U.S. commercial industries are small), namely, Japanese quail, bobwhite quail, pearl guinea fowl, chukar partridges, and ring-necked pheasants. Low mean bird infectious doses (<2 to 3.7 log10) support direct introduction and infection of these species as observed in mixed backyard poultry during the early outbreaks. Pathobiological features and systemic virus replication in all species tested were consistent with HPAI virus infection. Sustained virus shedding with transmission to contact-exposed birds, alongside long incubation periods, may enable unrecognized dissemination and adaptation to other gallinaceous species, such as chickens and turkeys. Genome sequencing of excreted viruses revealed numerous low-frequency polymorphisms and 20 consensus-level substitutions in all genes and species, but especially in Japanese quail and pearl guinea fowl and in internal proteins PB1 and PB2. This genomic flexibility after only one passage indicates that influenza viruses can continue to evolve in galliform species, increasing their opportunity to adapt to other species. Our findings suggest that these gallinaceous poultry are permissive for infection and sustainable transmissibility with the 2014 initial wild bird-adapted clade 2.3.4.4 virus, with potential acquisition of mutations leading to host range adaptation. IMPORTANCE The outbreak of clade 2.3.4.4 H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus that occurred in the United States in 2014 and 2015 represents the worst livestock disease event in the country, with unprecedented socioeconomic and commercial consequences. Epidemiological and molecular investigations can identify transmission pathways of the HPAI virus. However, understanding the pathogenesis, transmission, and intrahost evolutionary dynamics of new HPAI viruses in different avian species is paramount. The significance of our research is in examining the susceptibility of minor gallinaceous species to HPAI virus, as this poultry sector also suffers from HPAI epizootics, and identifying the biological potential of these species as an epidemiological link between the waterfowl reservoir and the commercial chicken and turkey populations, with the ultimate goal of refining surveillance in these populations to enhance early detection, management, and control in future HPAI virus outbreaks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathobiology of Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Infections in Minor Gallinaceous Poultry Supports Early Backyard Flock Introductions in the Western United States in 2014-2015

Bertran

Lee

Pantin‐Jackwood

et al. 2017

J Virol

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“…Linked to the ability to shed viable virus in sufficient amounts and duration, viral transmission among birds has been confirmed in all of the mentioned species except from the R. partridge, not only with avian-origin but also with humanorigin and swine-origin influenza viruses (Alexander et al, 1986;Makarova et al, 2003;Perez et al, 2003a, b;Humberd et al, 2006Humberd et al, , 2007Thontiravong et al, 2012a;Bonfante et al, 2013;Bertran et al, 2013). Based on viral shedding patterns, viral transmission among game fowl may occur through the oral-oral route, as some authors have already pointed out (Kobayashi et al, 1996;Makarova et al, 2003;Brown et al, 2006;Capua & Alexander, 2006;Jeong et al, 2009;Saito et al, 2009). Such viral shedding predominance is already known to differ from that observed in LPAIV waterfowl reservoirs (Webster et al, 1978).…”

Section: Pathobiology Of Lpaivs In Minor Gallinaceous Speciesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Several experimental infections in J. quail have reported either higher, similar or lower susceptibilities than chickens to H5 HPAIV (Alexander et al, 1986;Tashiro et al, 1987;Perkins & Swayne, 2001;Webster et al, 2002;Jeong et al, 2009;Saito et al, 2009). Besides, especially swine influenza viruses but also human influenza viruses readily replicate in J. quail (Makarova et al, 2003); however, further molecular adaptation may be necessary to allow efficient replication and transmission in this species (Perez et al, 2003a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathobiology of avian influenza virus infection in minor gallinaceous species: a review

2014

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“…17,32,56,103 However, the 1918 H1N1 virus produced mild respiratory signs, increased temperature, and bronchiolitis and alveolitis without the mortality seen in mice and ferret models. 126 The domestic cat has been used as a model for systemic disease from HPAI H5N1 influenza. Domestic cats reproducibly develop systemic disease after intratracheal inoculation or ingestion of infected meat 121 and so can be used to investigate the pathogenesis of influenza virus-induced lesions in extrarespiratory organs (Figs.…”

Section: Influenza In Other Experimental Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Pathology of Select Agent Influenza A Virus Infections

et al. 2010

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Influenza A virus infections may spread rapidly in human populations and cause variable mortality. Two of these influenza viruses have been designated as select agents: 1918 H1N1 virus and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus. Knowledge of the pathology of these virus infections in humans, other naturally infected species, and experimental animals is important to understand the pathogenesis of influenza, to design appropriate models for evaluation of medical countermeasures, and to make correct diagnoses. The most important complication of influenza in humans is viral pneumonia, which often occurs with or is followed by bacterial pneumonia. Viremia and extrarespiratory disease are uncommon. HPAI viruses, including HPAI H5N1 virus, cause severe systemic disease in galliform species as well as in anseriform species and bird species of other orders. HPAI H5N1 virus infection also causes severe disease in humans and several species of carnivores. Experimental animals are used to model different aspects of influenza in humans, including uncomplicated influenza, pneumonia, and virus transmission. The most commonly used experimental animal species are laboratory mouse, domestic ferret, and cynomolgus macaque. Experimental influenza virus infections are performed in various other species, including domestic pig, guinea pig, and domestic cat. Each of these species has advantages and disadvantages that need to be assessed before choosing the most appropriate model to reach a particular goal. Such animal models may be applied for the development of more effective antiviral drugs and vaccines to protect humans from the threat of these virus infections.

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Pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of H5N1 subtype isolated in Thailand for different poultry species

Cited by 40 publications

References 25 publications

Pathobiology of Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Infections in Minor Gallinaceous Poultry Supports Early Backyard Flock Introductions in the Western United States in 2014-2015

Pathobiology of Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Infections in Minor Gallinaceous Poultry Supports Early Backyard Flock Introductions in the Western United States in 2014-2015

Pathobiology of avian influenza virus infection in minor gallinaceous species: a review

Comparative Pathology of Select Agent Influenza A Virus Infections

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