Pathobiology of avian influenza virus infection in minor gallinaceous species: a review

Bertran, Kateri; Dolz, Roser; Majó, Natàlia

doi:10.1080/03079457.2013.876529

Cited by 36 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(225 reference statements)

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“…As expected with HPAI viruses in these gallinaceous poultry (22), clinical signs prior to death and gross lesions at necropsy were not always present, even though both viruses readily replicated systemically to high titers in all the species tested. Moreover, MDTs for all species were long compared to those for other H5N1 Gs/GD HPAI viruses in chickens (50) but were similar to MDTs for other non-Gs/GD H5 or H7 HPAI viruses in these gallinaceous species, which can range from 2 to 8 dpc (22, 51).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In contrast, chukar partridges and red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) may not be a reservoir for LPAI viruses (30,32). Yet abundant studies have proven that HPAI viruses are able to infect and cause lesions and death in many types of gallinaceous poultry under experimental conditions (22,32,33,(42)(43)(44)(45). Collectively, these findings highlight the relevance of avian species other than chickens, turkeys, and domestic ducks in the epidemiology of AI in small farming operations, village poultry, and LPM systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Numerous outbreaks of both LPAI and HPAI viruses have been reported for poultry species such as Japanese quail, pearl guinea fowl, and ring-necked pheasants (22,27). Some studies suggest that certain gallinaceous species, such as ring-necked pheasants and Japanese quail, are more susceptible than chickens and turkeys to LPAI viruses from free-living aquatic birds (22,(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies suggest that certain gallinaceous species, such as ring-necked pheasants and Japanese quail, are more susceptible than chickens and turkeys to LPAI viruses from free-living aquatic birds (22,(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34). In addition, Japanese quail and European quail (Coturnix coturnix) may support the replication of almost all LPAI virus subtypes (33,35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathobiology of Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Infections in Minor Gallinaceous Poultry Supports Early Backyard Flock Introductions in the Western United States in 2014-2015

Bertran

Lee

Pantin‐Jackwood

et al. 2017

J Virol

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In 2014 and 2015, the United States experienced an unprecedented outbreak of Eurasian clade 2.3.4.4 H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus. Initial cases affected mainly wild birds and mixed backyard poultry species, while later outbreaks affected mostly commercial chickens and turkeys. The pathogenesis, transmission, and intrahost evolutionary dynamics of initial Eurasian H5N8 and reassortant H5N2 clade 2.3.4.4 HPAI viruses in the United States were investigated in minor gallinaceous poultry species (i.e., species for which the U.S. commercial industries are small), namely, Japanese quail, bobwhite quail, pearl guinea fowl, chukar partridges, and ring-necked pheasants. Low mean bird infectious doses (<2 to 3.7 log10) support direct introduction and infection of these species as observed in mixed backyard poultry during the early outbreaks. Pathobiological features and systemic virus replication in all species tested were consistent with HPAI virus infection. Sustained virus shedding with transmission to contact-exposed birds, alongside long incubation periods, may enable unrecognized dissemination and adaptation to other gallinaceous species, such as chickens and turkeys. Genome sequencing of excreted viruses revealed numerous low-frequency polymorphisms and 20 consensus-level substitutions in all genes and species, but especially in Japanese quail and pearl guinea fowl and in internal proteins PB1 and PB2. This genomic flexibility after only one passage indicates that influenza viruses can continue to evolve in galliform species, increasing their opportunity to adapt to other species. Our findings suggest that these gallinaceous poultry are permissive for infection and sustainable transmissibility with the 2014 initial wild bird-adapted clade 2.3.4.4 virus, with potential acquisition of mutations leading to host range adaptation. IMPORTANCE The outbreak of clade 2.3.4.4 H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus that occurred in the United States in 2014 and 2015 represents the worst livestock disease event in the country, with unprecedented socioeconomic and commercial consequences. Epidemiological and molecular investigations can identify transmission pathways of the HPAI virus. However, understanding the pathogenesis, transmission, and intrahost evolutionary dynamics of new HPAI viruses in different avian species is paramount. The significance of our research is in examining the susceptibility of minor gallinaceous species to HPAI virus, as this poultry sector also suffers from HPAI epizootics, and identifying the biological potential of these species as an epidemiological link between the waterfowl reservoir and the commercial chicken and turkey populations, with the ultimate goal of refining surveillance in these populations to enhance early detection, management, and control in future HPAI virus outbreaks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathobiology of Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Infections in Minor Gallinaceous Poultry Supports Early Backyard Flock Introductions in the Western United States in 2014-2015

Bertran

Lee

Pantin‐Jackwood

et al. 2017

J Virol

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“…Therefore, open-air water sources, such as ponds, lakes, or streams, and in-site lagoons in the vicinity of poultry premises pose a potential risk to poultry, as they may attract wild waterfowl (4,6,10). Moreover, Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domestica or Anas peking) and Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica) are often raised together or in the vicinity of other poultry species, despite the risk that this combination represents (2,3). Ducks are able to be infected by avian influenza virus (AIV) and shed the virus subclinically for a few weeks, and quail are very receptive to AIV strains of waterfowl origin (14,18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Diagnosis and Control of a LPAI H5N8 Outbreak in a Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Commercial Flock in the Central Valley of California

Carnaccini¹,

Crossley²,

Breitmeyer³

et al. 2015

Avian Diseases

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In April 2014 an outbreak of low pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 North American genetic lineage was diagnosed in a commercial quail operation in Stanislaus County, California. Sudden increase in mortality prompted the submission of 20 Japanese quail hens (Coturnix c. japonica) to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, Turlock Branch. Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs tested positive for influenza A virus H5N8 by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The virus was subsequently isolated. In vivo assay and sequencing of the hemagglutinin protein cleavage site classified the virus as a North American genetic lineage of low pathogenicity for chickens. Following the diagnosis, a rapid and coordinated response took place to contain the outbreak. The affected premise was depopulated, cleaned, and disinfected. Three areas from the affected premises-a 3 kilometer (km) radius (High Risk Zone), a 3-10 km area (Buffer Zone), and a 10-20 km (Surveillance Zone)-were established for avian influenza testing of commercial and noncommercial poultry operations. Surveillance testing and rapid control measures were successful in the control and eradication of the outbreak and revealed no area of spread of the virus from the index flock. This report describes the history, diagnosis, surveillance, and control measures applied to manage this outbreak.

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Amino acid residues at positions 222 and 227 of the hemagglutinin together with the neuraminidase determine binding of H5 avian influenza viruses to sialyl Lewis X

et al. 2015

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Influenza viruses isolated from ducks are rarely able to infect chickens; it is therefore postulated that these viruses need to adapt in some way to be able to transmit to chickens in nature. Previous studies revealed that sialyl Lewis X (3′SLeX), which is fucosylated α2,3 sialoside was predominantly detected on the epithelial cells of the chicken trachea, whereas this glycan structure is not found in the duck intestinal tract. To clarify the mechanisms of the interspecies transmission of influenza viruses between ducks and chickens, we compared the receptor specificity of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from these two species. Glycan-binding analysis of the recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) of a chicken influenza virus, A/chicken/Ibaraki/1/2005 (H5N2), revealed a binding preference to α1,3 fucosylated sialosides. On the other hand, the HA of a duck influenza virus, A/duck/Mongolia/54/2001 (H5N2) (Dk/MNG), particularly bound to non-fucosylated α2,3 sialosides such as 3-sialyllactosamine (3′SLacNAc). Computational analyses along with binding analyses of the mutant HAs revealed that this glycan-binding specificity of the HA was determined by amino acid residues at positions 222 and 227. Inconsistent with the glycan-binding specificity of the recombinant HA protein, virions of Dk/MNG bound to both 3′SLacNAc and 3′SLeX. Glycan-binding analysis in the presence of a neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor revealed that the NA conferred binding to 3′SLeX to virions of Dk/MNG. The present results reveal the molecular basis of the interaction between fucosylated α2,3 sialosides and influenza viruses.

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Pathobiology of avian influenza virus infection in minor gallinaceous species: a review

Cited by 36 publications

References 85 publications

Pathobiology of Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Infections in Minor Gallinaceous Poultry Supports Early Backyard Flock Introductions in the Western United States in 2014-2015

Pathobiology of Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Infections in Minor Gallinaceous Poultry Supports Early Backyard Flock Introductions in the Western United States in 2014-2015

Diagnosis and Control of a LPAI H5N8 Outbreak in a Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Commercial Flock in the Central Valley of California

Amino acid residues at positions 222 and 227 of the hemagglutinin together with the neuraminidase determine binding of H5 avian influenza viruses to sialyl Lewis X

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