Pathogenicity of 2 Porcine Deltacoronavirus Strains in Gnotobiotic Pigs

Abstract

To verify whether porcine deltacoronavirus infection induces disease, we inoculated gnotobiotic pigs with 2 virus strains (OH-FD22 and OH-FD100) identified by 2 specific reverse transcription PCRs. At 21–120 h postinoculation, pigs exhibited severe diarrhea, vomiting, fecal shedding of virus, and severe atrophic enteritis. These findings confirm that these 2 strains are enteropathogenic in pigs.

Porcine Deltacoronavirus in Mainland China

“…Extensive surveillance is required to define the epidemiology and evolution of PDCoV in mainland China. Recent confirmation that PDCoV is enteropathogenic in gnotobiotic pigs ( 9 ) highlights the need for effective vaccines against this emerging virus.…”

Genome Sequencing and Analysis of a Porcine Delta Coronavirus from Eastern China

“…PDCoV causes an enteric disease that is characterized by watery diarrhea, dehydration, low mortality in adult pigs, and high mortality in piglets. The clinical symptoms of PDCoV disease are very similar to those of porcine epidemic diarrhea, but PDCoV disease is milder [4]. Since April 2017, disease caused by PDCoV strains has been reported in North America (the United States, Canada, and Mexico) [5][6][7][8][9][10] and Asia, including South Korea, Mainland China, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam [11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

“…Downstream of ORF1, PDCoV contains six additional ORFs (ORF2 to ORF7) that encode the spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) structural proteins, as well as NS6 and NS7. The genome is flanked by short 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs), with the typical gene order 5′-UTR-ORF1-S-E-M-NS6-N-NS7-3′-UTR [18].…”

Porcine gastroenteric viruses: pathogenesis and protection

“…The virus has been disseminated within 18 US states (December 2015).The full-length genomic sequence of a PDCoVstrainfrom a North American herd was soon reported (Jung et al, 2015b). Since then, 45 full genome sequences have been deposited in GenBank (May2016).…”

“…The mechanism of PDCoV induced death of infected enterocytes in vivo and infected LLC-PK and ST cells in vitro has been analyzed (Jung et al, 2015b;Jung et al, 2016a). At 3-4 days post-inoculation, infected pigs showed severe watery diarrhea and vomiting, and mainly diffuse, severe atrophic enteritis, with mild to moderate cytoplasmic vacuolation of the enterocytes lining the atrophied villous epithelium.…”