Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV),

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A diarrhea outbreak caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has been observed in China since December 2010. We report here the complete genome sequence of PEDV strain AJ1102 isolated from a suckling piglet with acute diarrhea, which will help toward understanding the molecular and evolutionary characteristics of the epidemic PEDV in China.

Here we report, for the first time, the nearly full-length genome sequence of porcine bocavirus (PBoV), a recently discovered parvovirus from pigs. Phylogenetic trees based on this genome sequence showed that PBoV belongs to the branch containing the genus Bocavirus, which comprises canine minute virus (CnMV), bovine parvovirus, gorilla bocavirus and human bocavirus (HBoV), and was most closely related to the group containing CnMV. PBoV was predicted to contain three potential ORFs encoding the non-structural protein NS1, the characteristic NP1 protein and the capsid protein VP1/VP2, with an organization similar to that of known bocaviruses. Interestingly, the NS1 gene of PBoV was more similar in length to the homogeneous gene found in HBoV than to those of other known bocaviruses. In addition, highly conserved unique splicedonor and -acceptor sites were identified in the NS1 gene of HBoV and PBoV.The family Parvoviridae is classified into two subfamilies: the subfamily Parvovirinae, which infects vertebrates, and the subfamily Densovirinae, which infects arthropods. Based on a report published by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the subfamily Parvovirinae is divided into five genera: Parvovirus, Erythrovirus, Dependovirus, Amdovirus and Bocavirus (Tattersall et al., 2005). Recently, Hokovirus was proposed as a new genus of the subfamily Parvovirinae (Adlhoch et al., 2010;Lau et al., 2008).Bocavirus, one genus of the subfamily Parvovirinae, is a non-enveloped, autonomously replicating, single-stranded DNA virus containing a genome of approximately 5 kb in length, and has close relationships with respiratory and enteric infections in humans and animals (Allander et al., 2005;Chen et al., 1986Chen et al., , 1988 Chen et al., , 2010 Kapoor et al., 2010a, b;Manteufel & Truyen, 2008;Schwartz et al., 2002). The genus Bocavirus comprises four members: bovine parvovirus (BPV), canine minute virus (CnMV), human bocavirus (HBoV) and gorilla bocavirus (GBoV), and has gained special attention because of HBoV, which causes respiratory diseases in children. In the field of veterinary medicine, BPV and CnMV were discovered in the 1960s and they share about 40 % sequence identity (Schwartz et al., 2002).Using random amplification and large-scale sequencing technology, a novel porcine parvovirus was recently discovered in Swedish pigs with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) (Blomström et al., 2009). Based on partial nucleotide sequencing, this novel porcine parvovirus was proposed to be a porcine boca-like virus (PBoV-like). Subsequent studies revealed the high prevalence of this novel PBoV-like in weaning piglets with respiratory tract symptoms or PMWS, and even in pigs without PMWS (Blomström et al., 2010;Zhai et al., 2010). However, to date, the complete genomic sequence for PBoV-like has not been reported.In this study, we first detected the prevalence of this novel PBoV-like from clinical samples collected in central China. Using an established PCR, which amplifies a 496 bp fragme...

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes an acute, highly contagious, and devastating viral enteric disease with a high mortality rate in suckling pigs. A large-scale outbreak of PED occurred in China in 2010, with PEDV emerging in the United States in 2013 and spreading rapidly, posing significant economic and public health concerns. In this study, LC-MS/MS coupled to iTRAQ labeling was used to quantitatively identify differentially expressed cellular proteins in PEDV-infected Vero cells. We identified 49 differentially expressed cellular proteins, of which 8 were upregulated and 41 downregulated. These differentially expressed proteins were involved in apoptosis, signal transduction, and stress responses. Based on these differentially expressed proteins, we propose that PEDV might utilize apoptosis and extracellular signal regulated kinases pathways for maximum viral replication. Our study is the first attempt to analyze the protein profile of PEDV-infected cells by quantitative proteomics, and we believe our findings provide valuable information with respect to better understanding the host response to PEDV infection.

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Porcine bocavirus 5 is a novel porcine bocavirus species found in a pig with clinical diarrhea from a farm in China. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain PBoV5/JS677, which will help toward understanding the molecular and evolutionary characteristics of the porcine bocavirus.

Porcine bocavirus (PBoV), a newly identified parvovirus in the family Parvoviridae, has been reported worldwide in swine with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, respiratory disease or diarrhoea and in asymptomatic swine. NP1 is a protein unique to the genus Bocavirus and its function is not fully understood. In this study, we show that the N-terminal region of PBoV NP1 contains two classical nuclear localization signals (cNLSs) and a non-classical NLS. The N-terminal region also inhibits the promoter activity of IFN-b and IFN-stimulated response element activity the same as full-length NP1 protein, but the PBoV NP1 C-terminal region does not. PBoV NP1 also induces NFk B activation by increasing the phosphorylation of p65, and we demonstrate that the C-terminal region (aa 168-218) is responsible for the induction of NFk B, although the cNLS region of NP1 enhances this activation. The data suggest that PBoV NP1 contains two functionally independent domains in its N-and C-terminal regions. Thus, the N-terminal region of PBoV NP1 is critical for its nuclear localization and IFN-related promoter inhibition, and the C-terminal region is critical for its induction of NFk B.