Pathogenicity, Development, and Reproduction of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae under Axenic in Vivo Conditions

Han, Richou; Ehlers, Ralf‐Udo

doi:10.1006/jipa.1999.4900

Cited by 172 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The nematode requires P. luminescens for insect pathogenicity (34), while the bacteria depend on the nematodes for transmission between insect prey. The infective juvenile (IJ)-stage nematodes specifically retain symbiotic P. luminescens cells in their gut mucosa, and transmission of the bacteria is a requisite for insect pathogenicity (31,32,34). The nematodes require P. luminescens cells as a substrate for growth and reproduction (2,21,22,30).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase Homolog Is Essential for Photorhabdus luminescens To Support Growth and Reproduction of the Entomopathogenic Nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

et al. 2001

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The bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens is a symbiont of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. The nematode requires the bacterium for infection of insect larvae and as a substrate for growth and reproduction. The nematodes do not grow and reproduce in insect hosts or on artificial media in the absence of viable P. luminescens cells. In an effort to identify bacterial factors that are required for nematode growth and reproduction, transposon-induced mutants of P. luminescens were screened for the loss of the ability to support growth and reproduction of H. bacteriophora nematodes. One mutant, NGR209, consistently failed to support nematode growth and reproduction. This mutant was also defective in the production of siderophore and antibiotic activities. The transposon was inserted into an open reading frame homologous to Escherichia coli EntD, a 4-phosphopantetheinyl (Ppant) transferase, which is required for the biosynthesis of the catechol siderophore enterobactin. Ppant transferases catalyze the transfer of the Ppant moiety from coenzyme A to a holo-acyl, -aryl, or -peptidyl carrier protein(s) required for the biosynthesis of fatty acids, polyketides, or nonribosomal peptides. Possible roles of a Ppant transferase in the ability of P. luminescens to support nematode growth and reproduction are discussed.Photorhabdus luminescens (Enterobacteriaceae) bacteria are symbiotic with entomopathogenic rhabditid nematodes of the family Heterorhabditidae, with which they cooperate in infecting a wide variety of insect larvae (38, 45; for reviews, see references 25 and 26). The nematode requires P. luminescens for insect pathogenicity (34), while the bacteria depend on the nematodes for transmission between insect prey. The infective juvenile (IJ)-stage nematodes specifically retain symbiotic P. luminescens cells in their gut mucosa, and transmission of the bacteria is a requisite for insect pathogenicity (31,32,34). The nematodes require P. luminescens cells as a substrate for growth and reproduction (2,21,22,30). It was suggested previously that symbiotic P. luminescens cells provide favorable nutritional conditions for Heterorhabditis bacteriophora nematodes to grow and reproduce (45).During prolonged laboratory culture, P. luminescens strains show a tendency to undergo an apparent phase variation phenomenon (8, 9, 36). The native form of the bacteria, termed primary phase, is isolated from the IJ stage of the nematode. The secondary-phase variants appear at high frequency during prolonged culturing, while more rare is the generation of primary-phase cells from secondary phase (6). The secondaryphase cells differ from the primary-phase cells in colony morphology, cell size, and dye uptake characteristics (6, 7, 9, 52). Also, typical primary-phase characteristics such as bioluminescence, pigment synthesis, phospholipase and siderophore activities, and production of intracellular crystalline inclusion proteins are depressed or absent in secondary-phase cells. The mechanism and role of phase variati...

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A Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase Homolog Is Essential for Photorhabdus luminescens To Support Growth and Reproduction of the Entomopathogenic Nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

et al. 2001

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“…However, they were not compared the hybrid starins with their parents for the virulence. They expressed that the virulence depends on the symbiotic bacterium (Han and Ehlers, 2000), so that the bacterium that originated from different females can change virulence capabilities. In the present study, the same bacterium was used in all cross breeding experiment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of virulence of hybridized entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) strains and their parents

Kongu¹,

Susurluk²

2014

Turkish Journal of Entomology

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Comparison of virulence of hybridized entomopathogenic nematode)] from Turkey, were hybridized and their virulence were determined on the last instar of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at six different dosages. Male and female individuals of having lowest virulence were crossbred with other strain females and males in vitro conditions. Ten different strains were obtained by hybridization and their virulence was compared with their parent and each other on the last instar larvae of G. melonella. The results showed that 70% of hybridized strains were more effective than their parents. The results indicated that male and female individuals have different effect on the virulence of the hybridized strains. The hybridized strains, which were more effective than their parents, were influenced from female with 42.9% and from male with 57.1%.

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“…Zervos et al (1991) reported several factors affecting production of EPNs in vivo, and lipid and other resources greatly influence the physiology of IJs (Selvan et al, 1993;Patel et al, 1997). Han and Ehlers (2000) also suggested that IJs originating via endotokia matricida might have little fat and other resources. These suggestions may relate, at least partly, to low mobility and invasion activity of EM-IJs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectivity and post-infection development of infective juveniles originating via endotokia matricida in entomopathogenic nematodes

Baliadi

Yoshiga

Kondo

2004

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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Infectivity and post-infection development were investigated at 25°C for infective juveniles (IJs) which originated via endotokia matricida in hermaphrodites and/or female adults of the entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema glaseri and S. carpocapsae. The IJs spontaneously emerging out of larval cadavers of Galleria mellonella were designated as normal IJs and used as comparison. Nematode invasion was the most prompt and numerous for normal IJs, followed by IJs produced via endotokia matricida in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation adults of the three nematode species examined. Post-infection development and reproduction of nematodes also occurred more promptly and numerously when inoculation was made with normal IJs. The insecticidal activity of IJs originating from endotokia matricida was inferior to that of normal IJs which retained a significantly higher density of symbiotic bacteria than the former IJs of the respective nematode species. The IJs reproduced in and emerged out of host cadavers showed similar pathogenicity and bacterial retention, irrespective of the origin of the IJs used as inocula.

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Pathogenicity, Development, and Reproduction of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae under Axenic in Vivo Conditions

Cited by 172 publications

References 16 publications

A Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase Homolog Is Essential for Photorhabdus luminescens To Support Growth and Reproduction of the Entomopathogenic Nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

A Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase Homolog Is Essential for Photorhabdus luminescens To Support Growth and Reproduction of the Entomopathogenic Nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

Comparison of virulence of hybridized entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) strains and their parents

Infectivity and post-infection development of infective juveniles originating via endotokia matricida in entomopathogenic nematodes

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