Pathogenic Salmonella weakens avian enriched blood monocytes through ATP depletion, apoptosis induction and phagocytosis inefficiency

Salmonella Serovar Typhimurium Infection Modulates Expression of Immune-Related Genes in Avian Enriched Monocytes

“…Even though the in vivo phenotypic complexity of macrophage cell populations cannot be simply reproduced in vitro, EPBMs culture provides a reliable experimental model to study the underlying mechanisms involve in the interaction between Salmonella and the innate immune responses in the host cells [11]. Herein, we rst con rm that ST challenge results in a signi cant reduction in the phagocytic capacity of chicken EPBMs, which is in line with our previous observation [12] (Figure 1). Further, the results of our transcriptional analyses indicate that ST challenge in avian EPBMs favors the differentiation of macrophages toward the alternatively activated M2-like cells through downregulation of in ammatory IL-1β and upregulation of anti-in ammatory IL-10 cytokines (Figure 2A and C), which appears to be necessary for the bacterial survival in the host cells.…”

“…In great accordance with our previous observation [12], a signi cant decrease in phagocytic capacities of STchallenged EPBMs were observed in our ow cytometry-based phagocytosis assay, when compared to the mockchallenged group (0.51 ± 0.02) (P ≤ 0.0001) ( Figure 1).…”

“…At 2 h post-challenge, EPBMs were incubated with uorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-loaded polystyrene microparticles (1.0 μm, Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO) at a ratio of 10 beads/cells for 3 h at 40 °C under 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity, as previously described [12]. The EPBMs were then washed once with an ice-cold PBS, harvested on ice, and used to measure the internalization of FITC-loaded beads through ow cytometry (≥10,000 events/sample).…”

“…A better understanding of the underlying immunological mechanisms involved in Salmonella pathogenicity, at cellular and molecular levels, is crucial to improve the existing control measures such as vaccination and molecularbased immunotherapeutic strategies against avian salmonellosis. We have previously showed that ST challenge can weakens the phagocytic capacity of chicken enriched peripheral blood monocytes (EPBMs) [12]. The study herein sought to provide a snapshot of the immune responses against ST challenge in chicken EPBMs by evaluating the transcriptional changes in in ammatory [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6] and anti-in ammatory [IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β] cytokines, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) [Toll like receptor (TLR)4, TLR5, TLR9], and some other immune-related genes [inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I, MHC-II, and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)].…”

Interaction of Salmonella Gallinarum and Salmonella Enteritidis with peripheral leucocytes of hens with different laying performance

“…Comparative work on immune reactions against typhoidal and non-typhoidal serovars is generally rare and has mostly been done with cell lines [ 16 ] or isolated cells [ 17 , 18 ]. Although both Salmonella serovars, SE and SG, are able to enter the blood stream, nothing is known about their survival in this unique environment as well as on their interplay with the immune cells therein.…”