Pathogenic potential and the role of clones and plasmids in beta-lactamase-producing E. coli from chicken faeces in Vietnam

Abstract

Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food-producing animals is a global public health issue. This study investigated AMR and virulence profiles of E. coli isolated from healthy chickens in Vietnam. E. coli were isolated from fecal samples collected in five chicken farms located in the provinces of Hoa Binh, Thai Nguyen and Bac Giang in the North of Vietnam. These isolates were examined by disk diffusion for their AMR, PCR for virulence and AMR genes, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for relatedness between bla CMY-2 / bla CTX-M –positive isolates, electroporation for transferability of bla CMY-2 or bla CTX-M genes and sequencing for mutations responsible for ciprofloxacin resistance. Results Up to 99% of indicator isolates were multidrug resistant. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (3GC) was encoded by both bla CTX-M and bla CMY-2 genes; bla CTX-M genes being of genotypes bla CTX-M-1 , − 14 , − 15 , − 17 , − 57 and − 87 , whereas ciprofloxacin resistance was due to mutations in the gyrA and parC genes. Some isolates originating from farms located in different provinces of Vietnam were found to be closely related, suggesting they may have been disseminated from a same source of contamination. Plasmids may also have played a role in the diffusion of 3GC-resistance as the bla CMY-2 gene was located on plasmids A/C and I1, and the bla CTX-M gene variants were carried by I1, FIB, R and HI1. Plasmids carrying the bla CMY-2 / bla CTX-M genes also co-transferred resistance to other antimicrobials. In addition, isolates potentially capable of infecting humans, of which some produced bla CMY-2 / bla CTX-M , were identified in this study. Conclusions Both clones and plasmids could be involved in the dissemination of 3GC-resistant E. coli within and between chicken farms in Vietnam. These results demonstrate the necessity to monitor AMR and control antimicrobial use in poultry in Vietnam. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1849-1) co...

Antimicrobials use and resistance on integrated poultry-fish farming systems in the Ayeyarwady Delta of Myanmar

“…Resistance to critically important third generation cephalosporins was low, cefoxitin (2.2%) similar to previous studies in Southeast Asia where levels < 10% were reported 1,8 . No third generation cephalosporins were reported as administered to chickens in this study.…”

“…These drugs are recognized as critically important for human therapy 12 and the World Health Organisation recommends these drugs should not be used for treatment of food-producing animals” 13 . Fluoroquinolone resistance in this study was lower than that detected in faecal E. coli from chickens in Vietnam (59.6–70.2%) 8 and Bangladesh (83–100%) 9 and similar to a study from Indonesia (35.9%) 7 and across studies from Southeast Asia > 20 to 50% 1 . Resistance to colistin in Southeast Asia in previous studies was reported as > 20 to 50% 1 .…”

Antimicrobial Profiles of Selected Gram-Negative Bacteria Recoverable from Sewage and Sludge from Juja and Kibera Informal Settlements of the Larger Nairobi Metropolis

“…Tight clustering of ≥70 similarity matrix among some few Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter agglomerans and Proteus mirabilis strains isolate however suggests independent acquisition of a similar set of resistance determinants among isolates with different profiles. Although we were not able to determine the cause of above mentioned resistance features, such phenomenon has previously been associated with carriage of genetic elements such as plasmids [29].…”

Effect of Cessation of Ceftiofur and Substitution with Lincomycin-Spectinomycin on Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase/AmpC Genes and Multidrug Resistance in Escherichia coli from a Canadian Broiler Production Pyramid

“…The presence of E. coli isolates with a plasmid harboring bla CMY-2 or bla CTX-M and resistance to other non-␤-lactam antimicrobial classes, a mechanism called coselection where antimicrobial resistance genes of different classes are in the same plasmid, has been reported in Quebec and elsewhere (14,18,19,23,25). In our studies, plasmids from Vietnam isolates carrying bla CTX-M or bla CMY-2 cotransferred resistance to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline (18), whereas plasmids carrying bla CTX-M in Senegal cotransferred resistance to tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (19) and in isolates from Quebec, plasmids carrying bla CTX-M or bla CMY-2 cotransferred nonsusceptibility against tetracycline or sulfonamides (unpublished data). On the other hand, plasmids of several incompatibility groups, such as as IncI␥, IncB/O, IncFIB, IncFIC, and IncI1, have already been reported to contain bla CMY-2 genes alone, but not resistance to non-␤-lactam antimicrobials (12,26).…”

“…As enrichment with ceftriaxone showed that E. coli isolates with the ESBL/AmpC resistance gene bla CMY-2 are ubiquitous in most examined samples, we wished to determine the effect of lincomycin-spectinomycin administration on the nonsusceptibility of these isolates to antimicrobials of the different classes and on the level of multidrug resistance (MDR). In our previous studies, we saw an increase in the level of MDR of E. coli in the potential ESBL/AmpC producer collection compared to the indicator collection (18,19); hence, we focused on the study of antimicrobial resistance only in this collection. Most (274/290) of the isolates from the ceftriaxone-enriched samples from all sources that were selected for antimicrobial susceptibility testing were positive for bla CMY-2 , whereas 20/290 were positive for bla CTX-M .…”