Pathogenic and genetic diversity in Plasmodiophora brassicae (clubroot) from Japan

Tanaka, Shuhei; Ito, Shin

doi:10.1007/s10327-013-0456-4

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…All of the populations were virulent on some of the cultivars that had been developed to carry clubroot resistance. Repeated exposure of a P. brassicae population to a particular resistance source can result in a loss in the effectiveness of that resistance, because virulent components of that population are more likely to reproduce (LeBoldus et al, 2012;Tanaka & Ito, 2013). In greenhouse experiments, single-spore isolates and populations of P. brassicae quickly adapted to various Brassica host genotypes, resulting in significant increases in clubroot disease severity after just a few cycles of continuous cropping (LeBoldus et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence and inoculum density‐dependent interactions between clubroot resistant canola (Brassica napus) and Plasmodiophora brassicae

Hwang¹,

Strelkov

Ahmed³

et al. 2017

Plant Pathology

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To mitigate the impact and dissemination of clubroot in western Canada, canola (Brassica napus) producers have relied on clubroot resistance traits. However, in 2013 and 2014, new strains of the clubroot pathogen, Plasmodiophora brassicae, emerged that are virulent on most clubroot‐resistant (CR) canola genotypes. Novel strains of the pathogen were inoculated onto two susceptible canola cultivars, one resistant line and six CR cultivars. Although all cultivars/lines showed a susceptible response to inoculation with the new strains of P. brassicae, the severity of disease reaction, root hair infection rates and the amount of P. brassicae DNA present in each canola genotype varied depending on the strain. In addition, the effect of inoculum density on disease severity and gall formation was recorded for one of these new strains on a universally susceptible Chinese cabbage cultivar and one susceptible and 10 resistant canola genotypes. Although root galls were observed at an inoculum density of 103 spores per mL of soil, clear differentiation of susceptible and resistant reactions among canola cultivars/lines was not observed until the inoculum density reached 105 spores mL−1. At a spore density of 106 spores mL−1 and above, all cultivars/lines developed susceptible reactions, although there was some differentiation in the degree of reaction. This study shows the potential to develop a unique disease profile for emergent clubroot pathotypes and shows a useful range of spore densities at which to study new P. brassicae strains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence and inoculum density‐dependent interactions between clubroot resistant canola (Brassica napus) and Plasmodiophora brassicae

Hwang¹,

Strelkov

Ahmed³

et al. 2017

Plant Pathology

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“…Resistance to clubroot is one of the most important objectives in Brassica breeding programmes. The main problems in this task is large variations of pathogenicity of Plasmodiophora brassicae, which can quickly break the resistance of cultivars intended for planting on large areas (LeBoldus et al 2012;Tanaka and Ito 2013;Diederichsen et al 2014). Therefore, in clubroot resistance breeding programmes it is of a great importance to evaluate the available sources of resistance to most, or at least to most of locally occurring pathotypes of Means followed by the same letter for time of sampling within a P. brassicae race category do not differ at P < 0.05 based on Newman-Keuls test P.brassicae and apply gene pyramiding approach.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction of clubroot-resistant genotypes of Brassica rapa, Brassica napus and Brassica oleracea to Polish Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes in laboratory tests

et al. 2020

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The Brassica genotypes selected for the experiments were previously found to be resistant to various Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes (Pb). Their interaction with pathotypes Pb2, Pb3 and Pb9 isolated in Poland was studied, using macroscopic observation for the presence of root galls, microscopic observations of P. brassicae plasmodia in the root hairs and quantitative PCR for determination of the pathogen’s quantity in plant roots and growing media. Of the Brassica genotypes studied, only B. rapa var. capitata line AABBcc was fully resistant to all the Polish pathotypes of P. brassicae. Some of the other “clubroot-resistant” genotypes tested were resistant to selected pathotypes, e.g. Brassica napus var. rapifera ‘Wilhelmsburger’ to Pb 2 and Pb3, Brassica oleracea var. capitata ‘Kilaton F1’ to Pb2 and Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis ‘Bilko F1’ to Pb3, but were susceptible to others. B. oleracea var. capitata ‘Bindsachsener’, B. oleracea var. acephala subvar. lacinata ‘Verheul’ and B. napus var. napus ‘Mendel F1’ were moderately to highly susceptible to all Polish P. brassicae pathotypes. These results show that the classification of virulence of P. brassicae pathotypes selected in various areas differs significantly toward the same Brasssica genotypes and puts in question the practical value of pathotype classification determined with differential sets for farmers and plant breeders. Our results showed that B. rapa var. capitata AABBcc line, B. napus var. rapifera ‘Wilhelmsburger’, B. oleracea var. capitata ‘Kilaton F1’, B. rapa subsp. pekinensis ‘Bilko F1’ could be considered in Brassica breeding programmes as a source of resistance to Polish P. brassicae isolates.

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“…High genetic diversity was reported for P. brassicae . For example, in Japan where the pathogen showed different pathogenicity levels on the cruciferous crops and cruciferous weeds (Jones et al, 1982 ; Tanaka and Ito, 2013 ). However, pure pathotype/genotype isolates of P. brassicae can still be obtained from single root hairs, which minimizes the variability of pathogenicity, thus a more reliable interpretation of the host-pathogen relationship can be established (Diederichsen et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Challenges in Identifying Disease Resistance Genes in Brassica napus

2017

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Brassica napus is an economically important crop across different continents including temperate and subtropical regions in Europe, Canada, South Asia, China and Australia. Its widespread cultivation also brings setbacks as it plays host to fungal, oomycete and chytrid pathogens that can lead to serious yield loss. For sustainable crop production, identification of resistance (R) genes in B. napus has become of critical importance. In this review, we discuss four key pathogens affecting Brassica crops: Clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae), Blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa), Sclerotinia Stem Rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), and Downy Mildew (Hyaloperonospora parasitica). We first review current studies covering prevalence of these pathogens on Brassica crops and highlight the R genes and QTL that have been identified from Brassica species against these pathogens. Insights into the relationships between the pathogen and its Brassica host, the unique host resistance mechanisms and how these affect resistance outcomes is also presented. We discuss challenges in identification and deployment of R genes in B. napus in relation to highly specific genetic interactions between host subpopulations and pathogen pathotypes and emphasize the need for common or shared techniques and research materials or tighter collaboration between researchers to reconcile the inconsistencies in the research outcomes. Using current genomics tools, we provide examples of how characterization and cloning of R genes in B. napus can be carried out more effectively. Lastly, we put forward strategies to breed resistant cultivars through introgressions supported by genomic approaches and suggest prospects that can be implemented in the future for a better, pathogen-resistant B. napus.

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Pathogenic and genetic diversity in Plasmodiophora brassicae (clubroot) from Japan

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

Virulence and inoculum density‐dependent interactions between clubroot resistant canola (Brassica napus) and Plasmodiophora brassicae

Virulence and inoculum density‐dependent interactions between clubroot resistant canola (Brassica napus) and Plasmodiophora brassicae

Reaction of clubroot-resistant genotypes of Brassica rapa, Brassica napus and Brassica oleracea to Polish Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes in laboratory tests

Current Status and Challenges in Identifying Disease Resistance Genes in Brassica napus

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