“…by, for example, generating cultivars that overexpress the respective AsTLP genes, which may protect against fungal infections. In addition, it should be noted that, besides TLPs, the fungicidal effects of Allium plants are associated with chitinases and endo-1,3-β-glucanases, as well as miRNAs involved in positive (miR164a, miR168a, and miR393) and negative (miR394) regulation of resistance to Fusarium [ 48 , 50 , 60 , 78 ]. Moreover, Allium roots produce antifungal volatiles such as 2-methyl-2-pentenal and organosulfur compounds, as well as non-volatiles such as spirostanol, furostanol, and steroidal saponins, which inhibit Fusarium growth [ 60 , 79 , 80 ].…”