Pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis

Bhopale, G. M.

doi:10.1016/s0147-9571(02)00058-9

Cited by 86 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In general, doi: 10.5123/S2176-62232010000100009 toxoplasmosis tends to be asymptomatic or manifests itself with symptoms common to other pathologies, with patient developing a clinical diagnosis known as Mononucleosis- 22 Like Syndrom . However, in some situations, the infection can become considerably severe, especially in the congenital form or when the infected individual is immunosuppressed, in which case the manifestation of the disease in general compromises the central nervous system, 26,3,23 sometimes even causing death . Numerous human toxoplasmosis outbreaks have been reported in some countries, including Brazil, due to the consumption of meat containing parasite cysts or due to consumption of other food and water contaminated with the T. gondii, oocysts, with the emphasis on the outbreak that occurred in Santa Izabel do Ivaí-PR, which is considered the greatest outbreak 13,20,7,6,21,15 ever registered in the whole world .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surto de toxoplasmose humana no Distrito de Monte Dourado, Município de Almeirim, Pará, Brasil

Carmo¹,

Póvoa²,

Monteiro³

et al. 2010

Rev Pan-Amaz Saude

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE: To report an outbreak of human toxoplasmosis that occurred in the District of Monte Dourado, Municipality of Almeirim, Pará State, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After the positive diagnosis of five patients with symptoms suggestive of toxoplasmosis, clinical research and epidemiology were executed in the locality. A total of 186 individuals were evaluated, including symptomatic patients, their relatives and/or close contacts. All subjects underwent epidemiological inquiry, clinical assessment and serology by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM. RESULTS: A total of 40 individuals presented a serological profile of acute toxoplasmosis. Epidemiological analysis indicated that the cases could be related to infection with oocysts eliminated by cats, whose population density was very high in the surveyed locality. The most likely hypothesis of transmission would be through direct contact with oocysts of the parasite, either by the ingestion of contaminated food or by the inhalation of these forms in the soil. The possibility of water transmission through the local supply system was discarded because the system is inaccessible to cats. Infected individuals were treated at the local health care units. Moreover, local health authorities were instructed to implement measures to control stray cats in order to prevent new cases or outbreaks. CONCLUSION: The outbreak that occurred between February and March 2004 in Monte Dourado was caused by T. gondii. The hypothesis of contamination via oocysts of the parasite is supported by several factors, such as a high population density of cats in the surveyed District, frequent gardening habits and a lack of reports of ingestion of raw or undercooked meat.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surto de toxoplasmose humana no Distrito de Monte Dourado, Município de Almeirim, Pará, Brasil

Carmo¹,

Póvoa²,

Monteiro³

et al. 2010

Rev Pan-Amaz Saude

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The incubation period for toxoplasmosis is usually 4 -21 days (with an average of 7 days) (3). Clinical manifestation of T. gondii infection depends on the hostparasite interaction, virulence, infective dose, host immunocompetence and age (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women

Turčeková

Spišák²,

Dubinský³

et al. 2012

BLL

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Background: Novel approaches in the diagnostics of T. gondii have enabled a detection of the parasite in the amniotic fl uid or blood of pregnant women. Objective: The high titres of IgM and IgG antibodies against T. gondii are not always indicative of the presence of this parasite in pregnant women, therefore the molecular assays can be used to diagnose and genetically characterise T. gondii in amniotic fl uids and blood samples. Methods: The study analysed 15 samples of amniotic fl uid and 1 sample of the blood from pregnant women suspected for toxoplasmosis. The serological ELISA test was used for the immunological study and molecular analyses, PCR at SAG2 locus followed by RFLP analysis were used for Toxoplasma gondii genotyping. Conclusion: Using PCR assay with TGR1E gene we have confi rmed the presence of T. gondii in the blood of a pregnant woman. The parasite was typed as genotype I, belonging to virulent strains (Tab. 1, Fig. 2

show abstract

“…This is due to its having sensitive neurons, intrinsic primary afferent neurons, interneurons, and excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons, structurally interconnected even more complexly by considering the animals' evolutionary scale 1 . Neurons are cells which may have their functioning altered by elements of the diet and by inflammatory processes which may develop focalized necrosis 2 and/or alter its metabolism 3 . There are reports of some parasites which can break out some of these problems within the ENS such as Trypanosoma cruzi 4 , Schistosoma mansoni 5 e, and Schitosoma japonicum 6 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are reports of some parasites which can break out some of these problems within the ENS such as Trypanosoma cruzi 4 , Schistosoma mansoni 5 e, and Schitosoma japonicum 6 . On the other hand, there are no descriptions of studies assessing the consequences of infections by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) for enteric neurons even though there a number of researches and clinical reports indicating the pathogenicity of this parasite for the CNS neurons 2 . T. gondii is a protozoan phylum apicomplexa which may be located at the intestinal epithelium of felidae (definite hosts) and in different tissue of homeothermic animals, including men.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of the myenteric plexus of the ileum and the descending colon caused by Toxoplasma gondii (genotype III)

Sugauara

Sant’Ana

Almeida

et al. 2008

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Alterations caused by a genotype III strain of Toxoplasma gondii were assessed with respect to the number and the morphometry of the myenteric neurons in the terminal ileum and the descending colon. Eighteen rats were divided into four groups: Acute Control Group (ACG, n=4); Acute Experimental Group (AEG, n=4); Chronic Control Group (CCG, n=5) and Chronic Experimental Group (CEG, n=5). NaCl solution was administered through gavage to the animals in the ACG and CCG. Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites (10 4 ) from a genotype III strain were orally administered to the AEG and CEG. Acute Groups were died after 24 hours, and the Chronic Groups after 30 days. Neuronal loss was not observed in both organs. The neurons atrophied in the terminal ileum as the opposite occurred with the neurons at the descending colon during the chronic phase of infection. In the terminal ileum, the neurons atrophied during the chronic phase of the infection as no alteration was found during the acute phase. For the descending colon, the neurons became hypertrophic during the chronic infection in opposition to the atrophy found during the acute phase.KEY WORDS: enteric nervous system, toxoplasmosis, morphology. Alterações do plexo mientérico do íleo e cólon descendente causadas por Toxoplasma gondii (genótipo III)Resumo -Objetivou-se avaliar as alterações causadas por uma cepa genótipo III de Toxoplasma gondii, sobre o número e a morfometria de neurônios mientéricos, do íleo terminal e do cólon descendente. Dividiuse dezoitos ratos em quatro grupos: controle agudo (GCA, n=4), experimental agudo (GEA, n=4), controle crônico (GCC, n=5) e experimental crônico (GEC, n=5). Os animais do GCA e GCC receberam solução de NaCl por gavagem, e os animais do GEA e GEC 10 4 taquizoítos de uma cepa genótipo III de T. gondii por via oral. Os grupos agudos após 24 horas foram mortos e os crônicos após 30 dias. Observou-se que não houve perda neuronal em ambos os órgãos. No íleo terminal, os neurônios atrofiaram-se na fase crônica da infecção, enquanto nenhuma alteração ocorreu na fase aguda. Já no cólon descendente, os neurônios tornaram-se hipertróficos na fase crônica da infecção, em oposição à atrofia observada na fase aguda. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: sistema nervoso entérico, toxoplasmose, morfologia.

show abstract

Pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis

Cited by 86 publications

References 52 publications

Surto de toxoplasmose humana no Distrito de Monte Dourado, Município de Almeirim, Pará, Brasil

Surto de toxoplasmose humana no Distrito de Monte Dourado, Município de Almeirim, Pará, Brasil

Molecular diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women

Alterations of the myenteric plexus of the ileum and the descending colon caused by Toxoplasma gondii (genotype III)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About