Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Hormone-Based Therapeutic Approaches

Kim, Kook Hwan; Lee, Myung-Shik

doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00485

Cited by 58 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 145 publications

(193 reference statements)

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“…Metabolic syndrome, which includes conditions such as obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, is closely related to the progression of NAFLD; conversely, chronic liver disease can further aggravate systemic metabolism abnormality[ 18 , 19 ]. Obesity, especially excess abdominal adiposity, is a high-risk factor for this disease and weight control is considered to improve the liver condition of patients with NAFLD[ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acupuncture improved lipid metabolism by regulating intestinal absorption in mice

Guo

Meng

et al. 2020

WJG

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BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), in which abnormal lipid metabolism plays an important role in disease progression, has become a pandemic. Abnormal lipid metabolism, for example an increased fat intake, has been thought to be an initial factor leading to NAFLD. The small intestine is the main site of dietary lipid absorption. A number of clinical trials have shown that acupuncture has positive effects in the regulation of lipid metabolism, which is closely associated with the progression of NAFLD. We therefore hypothesized that, acupuncture can improve the conditions of NAFLD by regulating intestinal absorption of lipid. AIM To study the role of acupuncture treatment in the improvement of metabolic syndrome secondary to NAFLD by mouse model. METHODS 8-wk-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a methionine- and choline-deficient diet for 3 wk. Then, all mice were separated randomly into acupoints group (AG) or non-acupoints group (NG) with high fat diet feeding. Needling treatment was performed at Zu san li, Guan yuan and Yong quan acupoints as acupuncture treatment to AG mice while non-acupoints place to NG mice. Finally, mice were anesthetized with an injection of ketamine-medetomidine and euthanized by exsanguination. RESULTS An apparent improvement of obesity was found in AG mice after acupuncture treatment. In AG mice, the body weight was much lower (22.6 ± 1.2 g vs 28.1 ± 1.0 g, P < 0.005) in comparison to NG mice. The length of small intestine in AG mice was significantly shorter (26.7 ± 2.3 cm vs 32.7 ± 2.7 cm, P < 0.005). A large amount of chyme was observed in the lumen of the AG small intestine. The expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein C2 was downregulated. Triacylglycerols (TGs), total cholesterol and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels of the small intestinal tissue were significantly higher in AG mice, but the serum TGs and NEFA levels were reduced in AG mice. CONCLUSION These results indicate that acupuncture at Zu san li, Guan yuan and Yong quan suppressed lipid absorption by downregulating the expression of apolipoproteins in the small intestine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acupuncture improved lipid metabolism by regulating intestinal absorption in mice

Guo

Meng

et al. 2020

WJG

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“…Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a wide spectrum of progressive liver disorders ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may lead to liver cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma [1][2][3]. NAFLD has been proved to be associated with insulin resistance-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, and induced atherosclerosis [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, only two studies had been carried out to assess the correlation between HGI and NAFLD in nondiabetic individuals [17,22]. e aims of our study were (1) to assess the prevalence of NAFLD among nondiabetic Chinese adults; (2) to investigate whether HGI is associated with the prevalence of NAFLD and related to biomarkers in Chinese nondiabetic subjects; and (3) to construct a risk score to conveniently predict a person's risk of NAFLD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Hemoglobin Glycation Index and NAFLD in Chinese Nondiabetic Individuals

Zhu

et al. 2019

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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Purpose. Limited studies have preliminarily identified a positive association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hemoglobin glycation index (HGI). However, this association has not been fully established. We aim to investigate the association between NAFLD and HGI in Chinese nondiabetic individuals and to construct a risk score based on HGI to predict a person’s risk of NAFLD. Methods. After strict exclusion criteria, 5,903 individuals were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. We randomly selected 1,967 subjects in the enrollment to obtain an equation of linear regression, which was used to calculate predicted HbA1c and drive HGI. The other subjects were classified into four categories according to HGI level (≤−0.22, −0.21∼0.02, 0.03∼0.28, and ≥0.29). All subjects retrospectively reviewed the baseline characteristics, laboratory examinations, and abdominal ultrasonography. Results. The prevalence of NAFLD in this population was 20.7%, which increases along with the growth of HGI levels (P<0.001). Adjusted to multiple factors, this trend still remained significant (OR: 1.172 (95% CI, 1.074–1.279)). The combined NAFLD risk score based on HGI resulted in an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.85 provided sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and a negative predictive value for NAFLD of 84.4%, 71.3%, 65.0%, and 88.0%, respectively. Conclusions. NAFLD is independently associated with HGI levels in Chinese nondiabetic individuals. And, NAFLD risk score may be used as one of the risk predictors of NAFLD in nondiabetic population.

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“…In addition, dietary fats can also contribute to increased hepatic triglyceride content and exogenous glucose leading to de novo free fatty acid synthesis. 20 In fact, the majority of hepatic lipid stores arise from these pathways. Beside these, genetic factors also play a role in the pathogenesis, as variations in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein-3 (PNPLA3) and transmembrane-6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) have been implicated in alterations in lipid metabolism and increased hepatic steatosis.…”

Section: Mechanisms and Effects Of Hepatic Steatosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and challenges in the management of advanced fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Sayıner

Lam

Golabi

et al. 2018

Therap Adv Gastroenterol

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming the most common type of chronic liver disease worldwide. From the spectrum of NAFLD, it is nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that predominantly predisposes patients to higher risk for development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is growing evidence that the risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is not uniform among all patients with NASH. In fact, NASH patients with increasing numbers of metabolic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, visceral obesity and dyslipidemia are at a higher risk of mortality. Additionally, patients with higher stage of liver fibrosis are also at increased risk of mortality. In this context, NASH patients with fibrosis are in the most urgent need of treatment. Also, the first line of treatment for NASH is lifestyle modification with diet and exercise. Nevertheless, the efficacy of lifestyle modification is quite limited. Additionally, vitamin E and pioglitazone may be considered for subset of patients with NASH. There are various medications targeting one or more steps in the pathogenesis of NASH being developed. These drug regimens either alone or in combination, may provide potential treatment option for patients with NASH.

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Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Hormone-Based Therapeutic Approaches

Cited by 58 publications

References 145 publications

Acupuncture improved lipid metabolism by regulating intestinal absorption in mice

Acupuncture improved lipid metabolism by regulating intestinal absorption in mice

Association between Hemoglobin Glycation Index and NAFLD in Chinese Nondiabetic Individuals

Advances and challenges in the management of advanced fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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