Pathogenesis of epiphyseal osteochondrosis

Laverty, Sheila; Girard, Christiane

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.03.035

Cited by 55 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…17,89 There is some evidence to suggest that a high copper status at birth is associated with an increased proportion of lesions undergoing spontaneous resolution, 54,118 but the conclusion of the most recently published study was that the role of copper in the pathogenesis of osteochondrosis remains poorly understood. 30 Independent of copper, Lecocq et al 64 detected changes in collagen structure, and studies reviewed by Laverty and Girard 60 indicate that the biomarker change that is most frequently detected in young horses is an increase in type II collagen synthesis. Both author groups suggest that collagen changes could be involved in the initiation of lesions.…”

Section: What Is the Relationship Between The Studies Of Ischemic Chomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both author groups suggest that collagen changes could be involved in the initiation of lesions. 60,64 Chondrocytes that have undergone necrosis are unable to perform their role in matrix homeostasis, and reduced number and thickness of collagen fibrils were observed in areas of ischemic chondronecrosis in pigs. 13,25 Whether changes in collagen structure 64 or synthesis 60 are capable of causing vascular failure remains to be determined (see ''Causes of Vascular Failure,'' below).…”

Section: What Is the Relationship Between The Studies Of Ischemic Chomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…42,61,62,103,113 From 2008 onward, there was a shift from looking at collagen as the direct cause of osteochondrosis 42,61,62,103,113 to considering whether collagen disease is capable of causing vascular failure. 60,64 With reference to what has been discussed for biomechanical force and primary disease of collagen above, it may be pertinent to investigate the following questions:…”

Section: Not Applicablementioning

confidence: 99%

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An Update on the Pathogenesis of Osteochondrosis

2015

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Osteochondrosis is defined as a focal disturbance in endochondral ossification. The cartilage superficial to an osteochondrosis lesion can fracture, giving rise to fragments in joints known as osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD). In pigs and horses, it has been confirmed that the disturbance in ossification is the result of failure of the blood supply to epiphyseal growth cartilage and associated ischemic chondronecrosis. The earliest lesion following vascular failure is an area of ischemic chondronecrosis at an intermediate depth of the growth cartilage (osteochondrosis latens) that is detectable ex vivo, indirectly using contrast-enhanced micro-and conventional computed tomography (CT) or directly using adiabatic T1r magnetic resonance imaging. More chronic lesions of ischemic chondronecrosis within the ossification front (osteochondrosis manifesta) are detectable by the same techniques and have also been followed longitudinally in pigs using plain CT. The results confirm that lesions sometimes undergo spontaneous resolution, and in combination, CT and histology observations indicate that this occurs by filling of radiolucent defects with bone from separate centers of endochondral ossification that form superficial to lesions and by phagocytosis and intramembranous ossification of granulation tissue that forms deep to lesions. Research is currently aimed at discovering the cause of the vascular failure in osteochondrosis, and studies of spontaneous lesions suggest that failure is associated with the process of incorporating blood vessels into the advancing ossification front during growth. Experimental studies also show that bacteremia can lead to vascular occlusion. Future challenges are to differentiate between causes of vascular failure and to discover the nature of the heritable predisposition for osteochondrosis.

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Section: What Is the Relationship Between The Studies Of Ischemic Chomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Is the Relationship Between The Studies Of Ischemic Chomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Not Applicablementioning

confidence: 99%

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An Update on the Pathogenesis of Osteochondrosis

2015

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“…After the formation of necrotic growth cartilage, reparative attempts by viable chondrocytes and vasculature ensue that may or may not be successful. The level of lesion formation combined with the successfulness of reparative attempts determine final clinical outcome (reviewed by Laverty and Girard (2013); McCoy et al (2013); Olstad et al (2015)). This study was only able to find significant effects of carbohydrate treatment on OC prevalence in the knee joint.…”

Section: Treatment Effects On Osteochondrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a high carbohydrate diet and arginine supplementation during the rearing period of gilts on osteochondrosis prevalence at slaughter

et al. 2016

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“…Estas lesões primárias podem progredir e causar posteriores danos à articulação, resultando em fraturas subcondrais, lesões subcondrais semelhantes a cistos, flaps de cartilagem, separação de fragmentos osteocondrais, osteocondrite e sinovite (JEFFCOTT, 1991;GIRARD, 2013). O desfecho deste processo está na dependência da anatomia articular, da carga biomecânica que a articulação suporta, de seu espectro de movimentação e da distribuição da pressão local sobre as superfícies articulares .…”

Section: Apresentaçãounclassified

Investigação laboratorial dos efeitos antioxidantes do plasma processado autólogo nas principais enfermidades articulares de equinos após tratamento artroscópico

Brossi¹

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Palavras-chave:Equino. Líquido sinovial. Hemoderivado. Estresse oxidativo. Plasma processado autólogo. As a cursorial animal, the horse relies on soundness to fully accomplish daily life activities and survival. Horses' natural ability for movement justifies breeding and training investments, and is explored to its maximum during athletic activities. Articular disorders, such as osteoarthritis and osteochondrosis, with their potential to reduce physical performance, are a therapeutic challenge. Autologous haemoderivates have appeared as safe and accessible options for the management of these conditions, but their widespread use has outpaced scientific evidence regarding mechanisms of action and ideal methods for preparation and administration. The antioxidant properties of autologous processed plasma, previously demonstrated in vitro on stimulated equine synovial fluid cells, posed a question on whether these effects would occur in vivo. Therefore, the present study aimed to verify autologous processed plasma´s effects in osteoarthritic and osteochondritic joints, when administered at the end of the arthroscopic procedure, with particular emphasis on possible antioxidant attributes. The study also aimed to detect evidences of oxidative stress in these disorders, what could further justify its use. For this purpose, synovial fluid was obtained immediately before the beginning of the surgery, and analyzed to yield an oxidant/ antioxidant, physical, cellular, molecular and inflammatory profile of osteoarthritis and osteochondrosis. After the end of the procedure, one group of horses received the intraarticular medication and another group of untreated horses served as controls. Forty-eight hours after surgery synovial fluid was retrieved from operated joints, and a second analysis was performed. Physical and cellular analyses were conducted immediately after sample collection and the supernatant was stored at -80º C for further evaluations. These consisted in catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, vitamin E, protein carbonyl groups, chondroitin sulphate, hyaluronic acid, prostaglandin E 2 , total protein and urea determinations.Osteoarthritic joints revealed greater activation of antioxidant defense systems, enzymatic and non-enzymatic, with greater activity of catalase, and greater concentrations of vitamin E, respectively, when compared to osteochondritic joints. Additionally, these joints had higher total nucleated cell counts and prostaglandin E 2 and total protein concentrations, revealing a more inflammatory profile when compared to that of osteochondritic joints. Nonetheless, in osteochondritic joints synovial fluid and matrix components degradation was more pronounced, as there were higher concentrations of chondroitin sulphate and hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid obtained from these joints. Results also showed the occurrence of oxidative stress, 48 hours after the arthroscopic procedure, through higher catalase activity in synovial fluid, reflecting activation ...

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Pathogenesis of epiphyseal osteochondrosis

Cited by 55 publications

References 93 publications

An Update on the Pathogenesis of Osteochondrosis

An Update on the Pathogenesis of Osteochondrosis

Effects of a high carbohydrate diet and arginine supplementation during the rearing period of gilts on osteochondrosis prevalence at slaughter

Investigação laboratorial dos efeitos antioxidantes do plasma processado autólogo nas principais enfermidades articulares de equinos após tratamento artroscópico

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