Pathogen-induced hatching and population-specific life-history response to waterborne cues in brown trout (Salmo trutta)

Pompini, Manuel; Clark, Emily; Wedekind, Claus

doi:10.1007/s00265-013-1484-y

Cited by 32 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…However, we found little evidence of non-additive genetic variance, and rather observed that these traits harbored significant additive genetic variance. Significant genetic variability in fitness traits was previously found in brown trout [56], [57], [88] and other species [e.g. 19], [65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We thus chose to simulate an ecologically relevant situation by inoculating a subset of embryos with the opportunistic fish pathogen, P. fluorescens , to measure the effect of infection on a suite of fitness-related traits. This bacterium is abundant in the aquatic environment [51], which is considered the principle reservoir of infection [52], and has been implicated in disease pathologies not only in adult fish [53], but also in whitefish [54], [55] and more recently in brown trout embryos [56]. Our design allowed us to disentangle variance components and compare the effects of outcrossing with sire and dam effects on offspring phenotype.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parental Influences on Pathogen Resistance in Brown Trout Embryos and Effects of Outcrossing within a River Network

2013

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Phenotypic plasticity can increase tolerance to heterogeneous environments but the elevations and slopes of reaction norms are often population specific. Disruption of locally adapted reaction norms through outcrossing can lower individual viability. Here, we sampled five genetically distinct populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta) from within a river network, crossed them in a full-factorial design, and challenged the embryos with the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas fluorescens. By virtue of our design, we were able to disentangle effects of genetic crossing distance from sire and dam effects on early life-history traits. While pathogen infection did not increase mortality, it was associated with delayed hatching of smaller larvae with reduced yolk sac reserves. We found no evidence of a relationship between genetic distance (W, FST) and the expression of early-life history traits. Moreover, hybrids did not differ in phenotypic means or reaction norms in comparison to offspring from within-population crosses. Heritable variation in early life-history traits was found to remain stable across the control and pathogen environments. Our findings show that outcrossing within a rather narrow geographical scale can have neutral effects on F1 hybrid viability at the embryonic stage, i.e. at a stage when environmental and genetic effects on phenotypes are usually large.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Influences on Pathogen Resistance in Brown Trout Embryos and Effects of Outcrossing within a River Network

2013

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“…Brown trout Salmo trutta L. 1758 were sampled in November from five different locations, including the River Aare and four of its tributaries as described in Pompini et al . (). Gametes stripped from the adults were used for full‐factorial in vitro fertilizations (methods described in von Siebenthal et al ., ) each in order to maximize the genetic diversity within the F1 (details in Supporting Information Table SI).…”

Section: Maternal Paternal and Treatment (Warm V Cold Water) Effectmentioning

confidence: 97%

Temperature‐induced sex reversal is not responsible for sex‐ratio distortions in grayling Thymallus thymallus or brown trout Salmo trutta

Pompini

Buser²,

Thali³

et al. 2013

Journal of Fish Biology

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On the basis of the experiments carried out over various years, it was concluded that (1) grayling Thymallus thymallus and brown trout Salmo trutta are resistant to temperature-induced sex reversal at ecologically relevant temperatures, (2) environmental sex reversal is unlikely to cause the persistent sex ratio distortion observed in at least one of the study populations and (3) sex-specific tolerance of temperature-related stress may be the cause of distorted sex ratios in populations of T. thymallus or S. trutta.

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“…They are also able to perceive waterborne cues from microbial infections and to switch life history strategies accordingly (Wedekind ; Pompini et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

MHC class I expression dependent on bacterial infection and parental factors in whitefish embryos (Salmonidae)

2013

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Ecological conditions can influence not only the expression of a phenotype, but also the heritability of a trait. As such, heritable variation for a trait needs to be studied across environments. We have investigated how pathogen challenge affects the expression of MHC genes in embryos of the lake whitefish Coregonus palaea. In order to experimentally separate paternal (i.e. genetic) from maternal and environmental effects, and determine whether and how stress affects the heritable variation for MHC expression, embryos were produced in full-factorial in vitro fertilizations, reared singly, and exposed at 208 degree days (late-eyed stage) to either one of two strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens that differ in their virulence characteristics (one increased mortality, while both delayed hatching time). Gene expression was assessed 48 h postinoculation, and virulence effects of the bacterial infection were monitored until hatching. We found no evidence of MHC class II expression at this stage of development. MHC class I expression was markedly down-regulated in reaction to both pseudomonads. While MHC expression could not be linked to embryo survival, the less the gene was expressed, the earlier the embryos hatched within each treatment group, possibly due to trade-offs between immune function and developmental rate or further factors that affect both hatching timing and MHC expression. We found significant additive genetic variance for MHC class I expression in some treatments. That is, changes in pathogen pressures could induce rapid evolution in MHC class I expression. However, we found no additive genetic variance in reaction norms in our study population.

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Pathogen-induced hatching and population-specific life-history response to waterborne cues in brown trout (Salmo trutta)

Cited by 32 publications

References 67 publications

Parental Influences on Pathogen Resistance in Brown Trout Embryos and Effects of Outcrossing within a River Network

Parental Influences on Pathogen Resistance in Brown Trout Embryos and Effects of Outcrossing within a River Network

Temperature‐induced sex reversal is not responsible for sex‐ratio distortions in grayling Thymallus thymallus or brown trout Salmo trutta

MHC class I expression dependent on bacterial infection and parental factors in whitefish embryos (Salmonidae)

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