Pathogen-Imprinted Polymer Film Integrated probe/Ti3C2Tx MXenes Electrochemical Sensor for Highly Sensitive Determination of Listeria Monocytogenes

Abstract

As one of the most hazardous and deadliest pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes (LM) posed various serious diseases to the human being, thus designing effective strategy for its detection is of great significance. In this work, by preparing Ti 3 C 2 T x MXenes nanoribbon (Ti 3 C 2 T x R) as carrier and selecting thionine (Th) acted simultaneously as signal probe and functional monomer, a LM pathogen-imprinted polymers (PIP) integrated probe electrochemical sensor was design to monitor LM for the first time, that was carried out through the electropolymerization of Th on the Ti 3 C 2 T x R/GCE surface in the existence of LM. Upon eluting the templates from the LM imprinted cavities, the fabricated PIP/Ti 3 C 2 T x R/GCE sensor can rebound LM cells effectively. By recording the peak current of Th as the response signal, it can be weakened when LM cell was re-bound to the LM imprinted cavity on PIP/Ti 3 C 2 T x R/GCE, and the absolute values of peak current change increase with the increasement of LM concentrations. After optimizing three key parameters, a considerable low analytical limit (2 CFU mL -1 ) and wide linearity (10-10 8 CFU mL -1 ) for LM were achieved. In addition, the experiments demonstrated that the PIP/Ti 3 C 2 T x R sensor offers satisfactory selectivity, reproducibility and stability.

Towards Electrochemical Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polypyrrole for the Detection of Bacteria—Listeria monocytogenes

“…With different working electrodes, including platinum, different techniques can be used to remove the imprinted material. Various solvents are often used to remove bacteria, for instance, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, other acids, methanol, and mixtures of those solvents [ 32 , 34 , 43 ]. Although challenging, extraction of the bacteria from the polymer is essential for forming the MIPs [ 44 ].…”

“…However, due to the size, imprinting the whole cell in the polymers is exceptionally challenging [ 30 , 31 ]. Several studies have evaluated the suitability of MIP-based sensors for detecting Listeria monocytogenes bacteria [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Mainly two factors governing the recognition of Listeria monocytogenes bacteria should be taken into account: (i) discrimination of the bacteria by their cell shape (e.g., round or rod-shaped bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli ) and (ii) chemical recognition due to the interaction of functional groups present in polymers with functional groups that are localised on the surface of the cell, e.g., cis-diol groups of the glycan chains [ 35 ].…”

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Electrochemical Sensors for the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

“…In addition, such sensors were selective against Staphylococcus aureus , Vibrio parahaemolyticus , Shigella , Salmonella enteritidis , and Escherichia . A more sensitive MIP-based sensor was reported by Xiaohua Jiang, resulting in a LOD of 2 CFU/mL [ 136 ]. The GCE electrode was decorated with Ti 3 C 2 T x MXenes nanoribbon (Ti 3 C 2 T x R), and then the thionine was electropolymerized in the presence of an L. monocytogenes template.…”

“…Since Mxenes enhance conductivity and poly(thionine) film gives superior electron transfer capability, and the sensor provides the lowest LOD of 2 CFU/mL [ 136 ] of all three discussed MIP-based sensors for L. monocytogenes detection. A similar but slightly higher sensitivity (LOD 6 CFU/mL) [ 135 ] was obtained using the simple construction of a glassy-carbon electrode coated with only a 3-thiopheneacetic acid layer.…”