Patho-physiological studies of human blood with kidney dysfunction and therapeutics of albumin functionalized silver nanoparticles in mice kidney cells in vitro

Abstract

The incidence of acute kidney injury and disease is increasing alarmingly. Inflammatory or nutritional status are associated with kidney disease/ Serum albumin is the marker to identify malnutrition in patients with chronic kidney disease. Treatment with albumin functionalized green synthesized silver nanoparticles help maintain and restore normal cellular function in the kidney. The role of albumin in kidney cell metabolism was studied in-vitro and showed a profound influence of albumin with or without nanoparticles on the level of protein, glucose, and catalase activity. The albumin-nanoparticle treated cells were observed to be healthier as evidenced from the morphology of the cells. Elevated levels of 66 kDa, 59 kDa, 45 kDa, 34, 29 kDa proteins were observed. The proteins may be Heat shock proteins which has cytoprotective properties. The antimicrobial properties of the silver nanoparticles control the infection and inflammation. This novel nanopreparation could lead to the new therapeutics in the treatment of renal injury restoring renal function. Research highlight• Hypoalbuminemia, is highly prevalent in kidney failure and is associated with an increased mortality risk reflecting either the inflammatory or nutritional status of patients• To understand the relationship between malnutrition and serum albumin dosed through functionalized silver nanoparticles the current study was carried out in patients with illness and in organ culture using mice kidney in vitro.• The Albumin functionalized silver nanoparticles were effective combating inflammation and degradation of cellular and extracellular matrix, transporting nutrition to the damaged nephrons prompting self-repair to maintain the status of protein and fat metabolism to avoid dialysis and to support the kidney to work properly preventing acute renal failure.• Besides, the nanoformulation strengthen the immune system to fight chronic problems reducing the oxidative stress and infection preventing acute renal failure.

Biological impacts of the green synthesized silver nanoparticles on the pregnant albino rats and their fetuses

“…The accumulating silver ions and particles accelerated renal cell toxicity and destruction (Tiwari et al, 2017). Renal function may also be impacted by changes in albumin concentration as albumin aids in the transportation of medications that lower oncotic pressure, hormones, metals, and vitamins (Sironmani & Bhattarai, 2018). This was evaluated in the current study based on the serum levels of creatinine, urea, and uric acid.…”

“…Histopathological examination of the kidney in the present work showed extensive necrosis in the renal tubules in both the cortex and medulla. Marked alteration in the renal tubular cells could be the reason for heightened glucose levels in this group as glucose is reabsorbed by proximal tubular cells (Sironmani & Bhattarai, 2018). Concerning the histopathological alterations in the liver of the fetuses, the present study reported notable alterations in the hepatic parenchyma in agreeing with Elsharawy et al (2020), such as vacuolization, degeneration, and necrosis of hepatocytes.…”