Pathloss analysis of NLOS underwater wireless optical communication channel

Choudhary, Arpita; Jagadeesh, V. K.; Muthuchidambaranathan, P.

doi:10.1109/ecs.2014.6892620

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Because it relies on the scattered photons, The channel impulse response was evaluated at different wavelengths, receiver FoVs, and water types to estimate the transmission distance and the available transmission rate of the channel [90], [91]. It was estimated that NLOS can operate at moderate distance of up to 100-m for short-range and robust communication [92].…”

Section: A Nlos-based Optical Iout System Under Turbulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trend in Optical Internet of Underwater Things

et al. 2022

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Our Earth is a "blue planet" that 70% of the surface is covered by the oceans, but most area of oceans remain largely unexplored. Besides supporting the Earth's ecosystem and moderating climate change, oceans are rich in economically relevant natural resources ready for harvesting, such as fishery, oil and gas, and mineral resources. Ocean observation and monitoring are therefore essential for environmental preservation and sea exploration. With the availability of advanced communication techniques, researchers began to look into distributed data acquisition and ocean interconnectivity, which engendered the concepts of intelligent ocean and the Internet-of-Underwater-Things (IoUT) framework. The framework is gaining traction since one could incorporate fiber sensing, acoustic, radio frequency, and optical wireless communication technologies to establish stable, broad-coverage, and massive ocean networks. The development of underwater internet beyond acoustic communication is still in its relative infancy, and therefore more aggregated research efforts from the related communities will be required to eventually achieve breakthroughs in comprehensive IoUT technologies. This review sheds light on the practical considerations and solutions to the challenges and robustness of the optical IoUT network in terms of channel characterization, turbulence studies, mobility, receiver optimization, and the application layer.

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Section: A Nlos-based Optical Iout System Under Turbulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trend in Optical Internet of Underwater Things

et al. 2022

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“…Monte Carlo simulations [87] and the Henyey-Greenstein (HG) phase function [88] were used to develop models describing the transmitted photons' trajectory. The impulse response [85], BER performance [89], and the effects of channel geometry on path loss [83], [90] have also been predicted based on theoretical simulations. Herein, for the first time, we experimentally demonstrated a high-speed blue-laser-based NLOS UWOC system in a diving pool.…”

Section: Non-line-of-sight Underwater Wireless Optical Communicamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Practical Considerations and Solutions in Underwater Wireless Optical Communication

Sun

Ooi

Kang

et al. 2020

J. Lightwave Technol.

162

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Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has attracted increasing interest in various underwater activities because of its order-of-magnitude higher bandwidth compared to acoustic and radio-frequency technologies. Testbeds and pre-aligned UWOC links were constructed for physical layer evaluation, which verified that UWOC systems can operate at tens of gigabits per second or close to a hundred meters of distance. This holds promise for realizing a globally connected Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT). However, due to the fundamental complexity of the ocean water environment, there are considerable practical challenges in establishing reliable UWOC links. Thus, in addition to providing an exhaustive overview of recent advances in UWOC, this paper addresses various underwater challenges and offers insights into the solutions for these challenges. In particular, oceanic turbulence, which induces scintillation and misalignment in underwater links, is one key factor in degrading UWOC performance. Novel solutions are proposed to ease the requirements on pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) for establishing robustness in UWOC links. The solutions include light-scattering-based non-line-of-sight (NLOS) communication modality as well as PAT-relieving scintillating-fiber-based photoreceiver and large-photovoltaic cells as the optical signal detectors. Naturally, the dual-function photovoltaic-photodetector device readily offers a means of energy harvesting for powering up future IoUT sensors.

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“…Efficiency is low in case of error [43,44] NLOS technique NLOS technique for UWOC Less accurate in case of surface reflection [45,46] Turbulence model Turbulence technique for errors in UWOC Less accurate in case of turbulence [47,48]…”

Section: Uwoc Channel Merits Shortcomings Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Link Misalignment in the Optical-Internet of Underwater Things

et al. 2020

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Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) enables high-speed links in water for the optical Internet of Underwater Things (O-IoUT) networks. O-IoUT provides various marine applications, including ocean exploration, environmental monitoring, and underwater navigation. O-IoUT typically utilizes light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and different laser diodes (LDs) such as green/blue lasers to achieve efficient data communication in the underwater environment.The high-speed optical communication is limited up to a few tens of meters due to underwater channel impairments and misalignment between the transmitter (Tx) and the receiver (Rx). UWOC provides high-speed communications only in the line of sight conditions, and a small misalignment between the Tx and the Rx can degrade the system performance. In an attempt to understand and minimize this misalignment issue, we investigate how received power in a UWOC system depends on the transmitted beam's divergence angle. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the study by comparing the plane, Gaussian, and spherical beams. Monte Carlo simulations are utilized to determine the maximum allowable lateral offset between Tx and Rx for a given Tx divergence angle. The results provide an overview and design-based trade-off between different parameters such as lateral offset, the power received, and bandwidth of the channel. The proposed method improves not only the maximum allowed link-span but also the bandwidth of the channel for a given transmission distance.

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Pathloss analysis of NLOS underwater wireless optical communication channel

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Current Trend in Optical Internet of Underwater Things

Current Trend in Optical Internet of Underwater Things

A Review on Practical Considerations and Solutions in Underwater Wireless Optical Communication

Effect of Link Misalignment in the Optical-Internet of Underwater Things

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