Path loss variation due to vegetation movement

Lewenz, R.

doi:10.1049/cp:19990023

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Recently, the relationship between the Rician K factor and averaged wind speed is found to be linear at 1.9 GHz as reported in [54]. From these works [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54], it can be observed that the windinduced motion of the foliage medium can vary the tree shadowing effect temporally, and the temporal variation of the shadowing can be statistically modeled. Rician K factor is usually used to characterize the temporal shadowing effect.…”

Section: Model Expressionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…While the change in the humidity of the foliage medium can vary the dielectric parameters (conductivity and permittivity) of the trees and then influence the signal propagation. From the open literature, large amount of the empirical works have contributed to the investigations of the wind induced temporal power variation [19,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] and humidity increased foliage attenuation [55,56]. They will be discussed in the following respectively.…”

Section: Empirical Characterization Of the Shadowing Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lewenz [46] studied the effect of the foliage movement at 2 GHz with large transmission paths (approximately 4.5 km), where the propagation path is partially blocked by trees. Four categories of wind velocity range from low to high were analyzed.…”

Section: Wind Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Naz et al [48] conducted an investigation of wind effect on different foliated states at a much higher frequency up to 29.5 GHz as compared to the work in [46,47]. They found that trees with green foliage (in summer) produce less variation as compared to trees with yellow and dehydrated foliage (in fall), and dense trees cause attenuation but do not produce much variation.…”

Section: Wind Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Investigations of Foliage Effect on Modern Wireless Communication Systems: A Review

Meng¹,

Lee²

2010

PIER

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Abstract-In this paper, a large number of studies of the effect of the foliage on single or lines of trees on modern wireless communication systems are reviewed. The paper is focused on the experimental works mainly done for commercial applications such as cellular communication and high speed point-to-point fixed link at the microwave and millimeter wave frequencies. For this review study, the development of the foliage loss prediction methods and the factors influencing the tree-induced shadowing effect are highlighted. In view of current research work in this area, some possible future works are proposed to improve the performance of modern wireless communication systems with the effect of foliage.

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Section: Model Expressionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Empirical Characterization Of the Shadowing Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wind Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wind Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigations of Foliage Effect on Modern Wireless Communication Systems: A Review

Meng¹,

Lee²

2010

PIER

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“…Propagation losses due to foliage at various frequencies that enabled one to know margin in reliable system design and cost effective deployment was investigated [10]. Effect of tree motions that found uncertainty accounted with the predicted coverage was investigated in [11]. Radio channel at various frequencies from 2 GHz to 60 GHz was measured and found that distributions at different frequencies are different due to different electrical size of leaves and branches [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Communications in a Tree Canopy

Sooksumrarn¹,

Kittiyanpunya²,

Yoiyod³

et al. 2013

PIER B

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Abstract-The wireless communications in a tree canopy is essential for pre-harvesting control of fruit productions.To efficiently communicate between a sensor node and a sink node, channel characteristics in a tree canopy must be well-established. In this paper, propagation channel characteristics at the frequencies of 2.45 and 5.2 GHz have been estimated for designing a wireless communication system in a tree canopy. The proposed solution is based on measured path loss, time-varying signal strength and Angle of Arrival (AoA) for various paths in a tree canopy to estimate the channel. Since the waves reflect, refract, diffract and scatter from the foliage, it is complicated to find the true travelling path between a transmitter and a receiver at the nodes. The AoA estimator is used for physical interpretation of the channel. The experimental results demonstrate the channels in a tree canopy are mostly matched with the General Extreme Value model. The measured path gains illustrate that the appropriate antenna patterns must be selected to enhance the reliability of the system.

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Investigation of wind and rain effects in a foliated tropical region for fixed wireless access

Muhammad

Rahman

Rahim

et al. 2013

International Journal of Electronics

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This paper investigates the effects of trees on fixed wireless access operating at 5.8 GHz frequency of the Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII) band. Measurements are focused on the temporal scale of the received signal strength for a three different links (one line of sight (LOS) link and two non-line of sight (NLOS) link). The statistical characterisation of the combined effects of typical weather phenomena often experienced in a tropical region is presented. As expected, the LOS link is not affected even during heavy rain condition. However, the presence of trees in the vicinity of the transmission path can cause relevant signal deterioration in the case of NLOS link, where the fading of the received signal varies from 2 to 16 dB as the strength of wind and rain increases. Rician distribution can be used to characterise the temporal variation of these weather effects. The work reported in this paper enables the effects of wind, rain and humidity to be properly taken into consideration in the deployment of fixed wireless links in a foliated channel, allowing an optimisation of planning for the end users.

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Path loss variation due to vegetation movement

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Investigations of Foliage Effect on Modern Wireless Communication Systems: A Review

Investigations of Foliage Effect on Modern Wireless Communication Systems: A Review

Wireless Communications in a Tree Canopy

Investigation of wind and rain effects in a foliated tropical region for fixed wireless access

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