Path Loss Model for Outdoor Parking Environments at 28 GHz and 38 GHz for 5G Wireless Networks

Abstract

It has been widely speculated that the performance of the next generation Internet of Things (IoT) based wireless network should meet a transmission speed on the order of 1000 times more than current wireless networks; energy consumption on the order of 10 times less and access delay of less than 1 ns that will be provided by future 5G systems. To increase the current mobile broadband capacity in future 5G systems, the millimeter wave (mmWave) band will be used with huge amounts of bandwidth available in this band. Hence, to support this wider bandwith at the mmWave band, new radio access technology (RAT) should be provided for 5G systems. The new RAT with symmetry design for downlink and uplink should support different scenarios such as device to device (D2D) and multi-hop communications. This paper presents the path loss models in parking lot environment which represents the multi-end users for future 5G applications. To completely assess the typical performance of 5G wireless network systems across these different frequency bands, it is necessary to develop path loss (PL) models across these wide frequency ranges. The short wavelength of the highest frequency bands provides many scatterings from different objects. Cars and other objects are some examples of scatterings, which represent a critical issue at millimeter-wave bands. This paper presents the large-scale propagation characteristics for millimeter-wave in a parking lot environment. A new physical-based path loss model for parking lots is proposed. The path loss was investigated based on different models. The measurement was conducted at 28 GHz and 38 GHz frequencies for different scenarios. Results showed that the path loss exponent values were approximately identical at 28 GHz and 38 GHz for different scenarios of parking lots. It was found that the proposed compensation factor varied between 10.6 dB and 23.1 dB and between 13.1 and 19.1 in 28 GHz and 38 GHz, respectively. The proposed path loss models showed that more compensation factors are required for more scattering objects, especially at 28 GHz.

Investigation of Future 5G-IoT Millimeter-Wave Network Performance at 38 GHz for Urban Microcell Outdoor Environment

“…Experiments and extensive results have attained diverse datasets, and keeping those studies in mind, researchers have designed many path loss models to predict signal attenuation of the propagation channels. Researches are currently exploring radio channels, such as 28,32,36,38,60,. Some of the latest developments that predict propagation channels are explained in the next section.In this paper, the propagation channel was estimated by extracting the path loss exponents (PLEs) value at the 38 GHz frequency band.…”

Performance Analysis of 5g Path Loss Models for Rural Macrocell Environment

“…Meanwhile, the parameters of ABG model that are closest to the path loss samples have values of α, β and γ that equal to 2.9, 2.4 dB and 3.8 respectively. For CI and FI models, the values of the parameters were similar to [4] while for ABG model, the values obtained were similar to [12]. These two studies were conducted based on field measurement in Malaysia and probably have the same environmental condition set in the NYUSIM for this paper.…”

“…After the path loss samples using the parameters provided in Table 1 have been collected, the path loss samples are then extracted into MATLAB software for path loss modelling. The modelling of path loss are based from the models described in Section 2 alongside with the parameters from the previous studies [4,6,7,10,[12][13][14]. Thereafter, the optimal parameters (parameters showing the closest plot to the path loss samples) from each path loss models are identified by observing the output plot from MATLAB.…”

“…Given the popularity of CI and ABG or FI models alongside with their parameters from [4,6,7,[10][11][12][13][14], these basic path loss models are studied in this paper.…”

“…Hence, by combining all the limitations of the existing studies, this paper will investigate the performance of 5G path loss models based on their optimal values of path loss parameters for cross-polarized antennas in Malaysia's rural macrocell environment. It should be noted that identification of the optimal values of the path loss parameters will be based on the values achieved from previous studies [4,6,7,9,10,[12][13][14].…”