Paternal care

Ridley, Mark

doi:10.1016/0003-3472(78)90156-2

Cited by 261 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…There are many reasons for why a male would choose to mate with multiple females (Ridley, 1978). A male may choose to mate with an additional female or females, if they are likely to increase his fitness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A male may choose to mate with an additional female or females, if they are likely to increase his fitness. The male does not need to give up the current brood to mate again, and actually may even become more attractive for females if already with offspring (Ridley, 1978). Given that parental care in majority of fishes including Arapaima gigas takes form of protecting against predators rather provisioning of offspring (Wisenden, 1999), the increase in size in the clutch has minimal effect on parental investment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of polygamy in the socially monogamous Amazonian fish Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) (Osteoglossiformes, Arapaimidae)

Farias

Leão

Almeida³

et al. 2015

Neotrop. ichthyol.

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Arapaima gigas is one of the largest freshwater fishes of the world. It is socially monogamous, forming pairs, constructing a nest and providing parental care. We performed a paternity analysis under three scenarios in captive, semi-natural and natural areas using 10 microsatellite markers. As a positive control, we analyzed three pairs and their offspring isolated individually in artificial breeding ponds (a priori very high probability of monogamy). We then analyzed two samples of offspring from large artificial ponds with multiple adults but only one reproductive pair (a priori high probability of monogamy), two samples from semi-natural breeding station with multiple adults but only one reproductive pair (a priori high probability of monogamy), and a sample from a natural lake with multiple adults, some potentially breeding (a priori medium probability of monogamy). Analysis of patterns of Mendelian heredity suggested an extra-pair contribution for all broods except the positive controls. Similarly, results based on multilocus analysis estimated at least two sib-groups per nest. These results reject monogamy as a system of breeding in Arapaima gigas. From a management perspective, this behavior may be exploited to maintain genetic diversity in captive and as well in wild populations of Arapaima gigas.O pirarucu Arapaima gigas é um dos maiores peixes de água doce do mundo. É socialmente monogâmico, forma casais, constrói ninhos e fornece cuidado parental. Com o objetivo de acessar o sistema de acasalamento do pirarucu, analisamos três cenários: em áreas de cativeiro, semi-naturais e naturais, utilizando 10 marcadores microssatélites. Como controle positivo, analisamos três casais e suas ninhadas isolados em açudes individuais (probabilidade a priori muito alta de monogamia). A seguir, analisamos duas amostras de ninhadas de um açude com vários adultos, mas somente um casal reprodutivo (probabilidade a priori alta de monogamia), duas amostras de estação de criação semi-natural com vários adultos mas somente um casal reprodutivo (probabilidade a priori alta de monogamia), e uma amostra de lago natural com vários adultos alguns potencialmente em fase de reprodução (probabilidade a priori média de monogamia). Análises de padrões mendelianos de hereditariedade sugerem contribuição extra-par para todas as ninhadas, exceto as do controle positivo. Similarmente, resultados baseados em análises multilocus realizadas no programa KINALYZER estimaram pelo menos dois grupos-irmãos por ninhada. Nossos resultados rejeitam a monogamia como sistema de acasalamento em Arapaima gigas. Da perspectiva de manejo, esse comportamento pode ser explorado para manter a diversidade genética em cativeiro assim como em populações naturais de Arapaima gigas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of polygamy in the socially monogamous Amazonian fish Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) (Osteoglossiformes, Arapaimidae)

Farias

Leão

Almeida³

et al. 2015

Neotrop. ichthyol.

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“…Consequently, variation in a male's confidence of paternity has been proposed to explain the observed inter and intrasexual differences in the magnitude of paternal care provided (e.g. Ridley, 1978;Alexander & Borgia, 1979). Theoretical models have sought to establish the influence of confidence of paternity, the average probability that a male is the father of a given set of offspring (Alexander, 1974; also referred to as certainty of paternity; Maynard Smith, 1978Smith, , 1982, on the evolution of paternal care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confidence of paternity and paternal care: covariation revealed through the experimental manipulation of the mating system in the beetle Onthophagus taurus

Hunt

Simmons

2002

Journal of Evolutionary Biology

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Theoretical models of paternal care predict that facultative reductions in male care may occur under certain conditions. One important parameter that has been shown to influence the outcome of these models is a male's confidence of paternity. In this study, we tested whether the amount of care provided by horned males in the dimorphic beetle, Onthophagus taurus, varied with his confidence of paternity. Male care results in an increased weight of dung provided in the brood masses produced by the pair. Using the sterile male technique we showed that a horned male's paternity declined with the number of sneak males in the population. The relationship was nonlinear, with paternity declining most rapidly between a frequency of one and three sneaks, and stabilizing thereafter at about 50%. A horned male's paternity was directly related to the number of copulations with the female, relative to the number of copulations achieved by sneaks. Horned males were shown to reduce their care in relation to their declining paternity. Video analysis demonstrated that reductions in male care occurred through a combination of male desertion and a trade-off between caring and paternity assurance behaviours. The number of fights with sneak males was negatively related to the amount of care provided by a horned male. These results suggest that by gauging his expected paternity through the number of fights with sneaks, a horned male is able to assess his paternity and reduce his investment accordingly. Our data thus provide strong empirical support for the proposed link between paternity and paternal care. IntroductionAccording to Hamilton's rule (rb ) c > 0), the evolution of parental behaviour should depend exclusively on the costs to the parents (c) and the benefits to the offspring (b), because the relatedness (r) between parent and offspring should be the same for all offspring and for both parents (Hamilton, 1964). However, sperm competition because of multiple mating by females can reduce the average relatedness between males and the young produced by their mates, and is a widespread phenomenon across animal taxa (Smith, 1984;Birkhead & Møller, 1998). Thus, males often face the uncertainty of investing in offspring to which they are not genetically related. Given that males cannot increase their fitness by investing in unrelated offspring, Triver's (1972) proposed that uncertainty of paternity would favour male desertion because failure to assure paternity prior to investment would put a male at a selective disadvantage in competition with more reproductively selfish individuals. Consequently, variation in a male's confidence of paternity has been proposed to explain the observed inter and intrasexual differences in the magnitude of paternal care provided (e.g. Ridley, 1978;Alexander & Borgia, 1979). Theoretical models have sought to establish the influence of confidence of paternity, the average probability that a male is the father of a given set of offspring (Alexander, 1974; also referred to as certainty of paterni...

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“…Such is the importance of these qualities in attracting a mate, the females of some fish species 396 have paradoxically been shown to attempt to predate their own fertilised eggs to test the 397 paternal fitness of their choice of male (Ridley, 1978). In light of these behaviours it is 398 perhaps not surprising that fitter (i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

Consequences of catch-and-release angling for black bream Spondyliosoma cantharus, during the parental care period: implications for management

Pinder

Velterop

Cooke

et al. 2016

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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Paternal care

Cited by 261 publications

References 102 publications

Evidence of polygamy in the socially monogamous Amazonian fish Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) (Osteoglossiformes, Arapaimidae)

Evidence of polygamy in the socially monogamous Amazonian fish Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) (Osteoglossiformes, Arapaimidae)

Confidence of paternity and paternal care: covariation revealed through the experimental manipulation of the mating system in the beetle Onthophagus taurus

Consequences of catch-and-release angling for black bream Spondyliosoma cantharus, during the parental care period: implications for management

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