Passive TDOA and DOA based HF geolocation without ionosphere information

Abstract

Conventional HF geolocation method based on ray tracing relies on strict requirement on ionosphere information while line-of-bearing based geolocation method and time difference of arrival (TDOA) based method require fine angular resolution and large aperture array. In practical applications, these methods will be subject to practical constraints, especially when operated in land-limited environment. This paper investigates a new approach of HF geolocation based on TDOA and direction of arrival (DOA) of multipaths, which can alleviate the strict requirements on ionosphere information and large aperture array. A nonlinear optimization problem is formulated based on the virtual path propagation model and solved by numerical optimization methods. Simulation studies are provided to illustrate the potential of the proposed method.

Coordinated Positioning Method for Shortwave Anti-Multipath Based on Bayesian Estimation

“…However, this method only considers a single transmission path without considering the shortwave multipath effect in the practical process. In [ 18 ], the authors proposed a DOA–TDOA coordinated positioning method based on an ionospheric virtual height reflection model using two propagation paths without the need for a known ionospheric virtual height. However, this method requires a large amount of computation and requires the accurate arrival elevation angles of two propagation paths, which are difficult to achieve in practice.…”

Efficient time domain HF geolocation using multiple distributed receivers

“…The geolocation error was in the range of about 50-100 km depending on whether the transmitter was very close or far away from the Rx's. Another similar variant of HF geolocation was explained later in [7] based on TDoA and DoA methods which use multipath and achieve good geolocation performance without any ionospheric information. However, there is a requirement of antenna array on each reception site; accurate TDoA measurements are difficult to obtain in realistic scenario.…”