Efficient time domain HF geolocation using multiple distributed receivers

Jain, Ankit; Pagani, Pascal; Fleury, Rolland; Ney, Michel; Pajusco, Patrice

doi:10.23919/eucap.2017.7928069

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Second, using the QP model, the properties of the ionosphere traveled by HF signals with approximately the same propagation direction are the same. Therefore, we assume that the receiver which first receives the HF signal (reference receiver) has the shortest HF signal propagation distance, which indicates that the HF source is the closest to the reference receiver [ 21 ]. Combined with the QP model, we have

…”

Section: Geolocation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, large-scale 3D ionospheric electron density profile data are difficult to obtain, and IRI models can be an alternative. Furthermore, the ray-tracing-based simulation is closer to reality than the simple signal reflection simulation in the [ 12 , 13 , 21 ]. Note that the introduction of the ray tracing method only generates simulated data and does not have any effect on the geolocation method.…”

Section: Figure A1mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Improved TDOA Method for Land-Based Long-Range HF Skywave Source Geolocation and Experimental Results

Chen

Cai

Gao

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The real-time information of the unknown ionospheric environments is difficult to obtain, plaguing the timely and accurate geolocation of high frequency (HF) sources. In this paper, we propose an improved HF skywave source geolocation method based on the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) with the semidefinite programming (SDP), and model HF signal propagation paths as paths with significant non-line-of-sight (NLOS) biases. With this method, no priori information about the ionosphere, especially the priori ionospheric virtual heights of reflection, is necessary while timely and accurately geolocating the HF sources. Furthermore, we use the ray tracing technique and build a 3D ionospheric electron density gridded matrix model to simulate realistic HF signal propagation paths. In the simulations, the proposed method is compared with existing methods, and detailed geolocation error distribution maps are given. In the experiments, HF I/Q data captured from different types of HF transmitters are located by six receivers with time synchronization. Simulated and experimental results show that the proposed method improves the positioning accuracy by about 50% compared with existing methods under the same conditions, and the average relative positioning error is less than 2.7%.

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…”

Section: Geolocation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure A1mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved TDOA Method for Land-Based Long-Range HF Skywave Source Geolocation and Experimental Results

Chen

Cai

Gao

et al. 2023

Sensors

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show abstract

“…The electromagnetic wave can reach the receiving station through different reflection heights that correspond to different paths. The elevation angles of the signals that reach the receiving station through different paths are different [ 15 ]. Target positioning under two paths was investigated in this study.…”

Section: Problem Statement and Observation Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the QP model has the limitation of only considering specific ionospheric reflections. Compared with the QP model, the ionospheric virtual height reflection model [ 15 , 16 ] only requires the ionospheric reflection virtual height as an input parameter, and different reflection virtual heights correspond to different ionospheric reflections. In [ 17 ], the authors proposed a method to conduct pseudo-linearization on the DOA and TDOA observation equations based on an ionospheric virtual height reflection model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated Positioning Method for Shortwave Anti-Multipath Based on Bayesian Estimation

Tang

Jiang

Zhao

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Coordinated positioning based on direction of arrival (DOA)–time difference of arrival (TDOA) is a research area of great interest in beyond-visual-range target positioning with shortwave. The DOA estimation accuracy greatly affects the accuracy of coordinated positioning. With existing positioning methods, the elevation angle’s estimation accuracy in multipath propagation decreases sharply. Accordingly, the positioning accuracy also decreases. In this paper, the elevation angle is modeled as a random variable, with its probability distribution reflecting the characteristics of multipath propagation. A new coordinated positioning method based on DOA–TDOA and Bayesian estimation with shortwave anti-multipath is proposed. First, a convolutional neural network is used to learn the three-dimensional spatial spectrogram to make an intelligent decision on the number of single and multiple paths, and to obtain a probability distribution of the elevation angle under multiple paths. Second, the elevation angle’s estimated value is modified using the elevation angle’s probability distribution. The modified elevation angle’s estimated value is substituted into a DOA pseudo-linear observation equation, and the target position’s estimated value is obtained using the matrix QR decomposition iteration algorithm. Finally, a TDOA pseudo-linear observation equation is established using the target estimate obtained in the DOA stage, and the coordinated positioning result is obtained using the matrix QR decomposition iteration algorithm again. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed method had a stronger anti-multipath capability than traditional methods, and it improved the coordinated positioning accuracy of the DOA and TDOA. Measured data were used to validate the proposed method.

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“…When considering time-domain methods, we estimated that geolocation of HF Tx's is possible with an error of about 25 km without the knowledge of the ionospheric profile along the propagation paths [5]. Furthermore, by increasing the number of receivers, the geolocation accuracy is improved significantly using time domain methods [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-channel sounding for HF geolocation: concepts and experimental results

Jain¹,

Pagani²,

Fleury³

et al. 2018

12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018)

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In the context of passive geolocation of High Frequency (HF) transmitters using the Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) method, the transmitted signal and the propagation channel is unknown. This paper explains the principle of a method termed as "cross-channel sounding" along with its concepts. This method is used to evaluate the propagation duration differences of an unknown signal received by multiple synchronized distributed receivers. The mathematical description for cross-channel sounding is detailed, emphasizing the importance of the nature of the transmitted signal in the estimation of the propagation duration differences. An operational country wide TDoA receiver network capable of capturing HF signals is presented. HF broadcast signals are captured from different transmitters around Europe. Experimental data are used to analyze the different propagation modes from cross-channel sounding and assess the TDoA estimation complexity in the case of multipath channels.

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Efficient time domain HF geolocation using multiple distributed receivers

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

An Improved TDOA Method for Land-Based Long-Range HF Skywave Source Geolocation and Experimental Results

An Improved TDOA Method for Land-Based Long-Range HF Skywave Source Geolocation and Experimental Results

Coordinated Positioning Method for Shortwave Anti-Multipath Based on Bayesian Estimation

Cross-channel sounding for HF geolocation: concepts and experimental results

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