Passive source depth estimation in shallow water using two horizontally separated hydrophones

Zhai, Duo; Zhang, Bo; Li, Fenghua; Zhang, Yanjun; Yang, Xishan

doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2022.108723

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…To solve the problem of insufficient aperture, some research works have tried to use the idea of synthetic aperture [17,18] to obtain long-distance spatial sampling via the source motion, but the speed of a moving source is generally unknown. Although the smooth-averaged cross-correlation function of signals recorded by two horizontally separated hydrophones can be used for depth estimation of a source when the speed of the source in unknown [19], this method requires a broadband signal of the sound source and is not suitable for a harmonic source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonic Source Depth Estimation by a Single Hydrophone under Unknown Seabed Geoacoustic Property

Li,

Xu,

Gao

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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The passive estimation of harmonic sound source depth is of great significance for underwater target localization and identification. Passive source depth estimation using a single hydrophone with an unknown seabed geoacoustic property is a crucial challenge. To address this issue, a harmonic sound source depth estimation algorithm, seabed independent depth estimation (SIDE) algorithm, is proposed. This algorithm combines the estimated mode depth functions, modal amplitudes, and the sign of each modal to estimate the sound source depth. The performance of the SIDE algorithm is analyzed by simulations. Results show that the SIDE is insensitive to the initial range of the sound source, the source depth, the hydrophone depth, the source velocity, and the type of the seabed. Finally, the effectiveness of the SIDE algorithm is verified by the SWellEX-96 data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonic Source Depth Estimation by a Single Hydrophone under Unknown Seabed Geoacoustic Property

Li,

Xu,

Gao

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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“…However, most existing methods rely on sensor arrays [2,3], which are not only costly but also yield ranging results with high uncertainty, because the arrays are susceptible to the influence of the water environment. Ranging methods based on a single hydrophone have been proposed to address the shortcomings of array-based ranging methods [4][5][6][7]. The feature extraction of underwater acoustic signal mostly depends on ship radiated noise [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method of underwater sound source range estimation without prior knowledge based on single sensor in shallow water

Chen

et al. 2023

Front. Phys.

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Introduction: The lack of prior knowledge of the marine environment increases the difficulty of passive ranging of underwater sound sources by using a single hydrophone. The dispersion curve of the normal mode contains extensive marine environmental information, which can be extracted without prior knowledge, but the characteristics of dispersion curves of different modes vary, and the mode order cannot be determined from the received data.Methods: Herein, a method based on a single hydrophone that can jointly identify the mode order and estimate the propagation range in unknown marine environment is proposed. The method uses Bayesian theory as the main methodology and is applicable to broadband pulse sound sources in shallow seas with long-range propagation. The dispersion curves extracted from the data and those calculated by the dispersion formula are the input signal and the replica of the methods, respectively. Accurate identification of the normal mode order and estimation of the propagation range can be achieved by establishing the joint cost function.Results: In the case of unknown a priori knowledge of the marine environment, the method enables rapid inversion, is tolerant to environmental parameter mismatch, and is low cost and practical.Discussion: The simulation and measured data analysis results demonstrate the accuracy and validity of the method. The measured data contains linear frequency modulation impulse source signal and explosion sound source signals, and the mean relative error of range estimation is less than 5%.

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“…The randomness of the distribution of ambient noise in the frequency domain also greatly affects the output results. In 2022, Zhai Duo et al [16] used different cost functions and proposed three methods to estimate the source depth by matching the normalized cross-spectral density, temporal envelope and time delay of the smooth-averaged cross-correlation function for the case of two horizontally separated hydrophones or arrays. However, the average absolute error in the source depth of the proposed method was still large and the proposed method was more suitable for the case of a low-frequency band and an environment with large negative sound speed gradient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method for Estimating Source Depth Based on the Adjacent Mode Group Acoustic Pressure Field

Li,

Wang

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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In order to effectively estimate the depth of the source in the acoustic pressure field, this study investigated the relationship between the distribution of acoustic pressure fields in different adjacent mode groups and the depth of the source in shallow waveguides and proposed a method to estimate the depth of the source on the basis of the adjacent mode group acoustic pressure field. We first derived and calculated the adjacent mode group acoustic pressure field of a typical shallow waveguide, then verified the accuracy of this derivation process through simulations. In addition, combined with singular value decomposition mode extraction, the adjacent mode group acoustic pressure field of the SACLANT experimental data was obtained and used as a comparative parameter for the method presented in this paper. By using the depth of the source as the estimation variable, a simulated annealing algorithm and related parameters were designed, and the feasibility of this method was verified through simulation and experiments. The proposed method achieved a higher localization accuracy without the need for accurate modeling of underwater acoustic channels. Under the conditions of the simulation environment, the average estimation error rate of the method was 0.24%, and with increases in the temperature coefficient and Markov chain length, the average estimation error rate of the method decreased. In the experimental environment, the average estimation error rate of the method was 0.45%. This study provides a method to obtain the depth of source in a shallow waveguide via the adjacent mode group acoustic pressure field.

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Passive source depth estimation in shallow water using two horizontally separated hydrophones

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Harmonic Source Depth Estimation by a Single Hydrophone under Unknown Seabed Geoacoustic Property

Harmonic Source Depth Estimation by a Single Hydrophone under Unknown Seabed Geoacoustic Property

A method of underwater sound source range estimation without prior knowledge based on single sensor in shallow water

A Method for Estimating Source Depth Based on the Adjacent Mode Group Acoustic Pressure Field

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