Passive leg movement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: evidence of locomotor muscle vascular dysfunction

Abstract

Utilizing both the single and continuous passive leg movement (PLM) models, which induce nitric oxide (NO)-dependent hyperemia, this study provides evidence of vascular dysfunction in the locomotor muscle of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), independent of central hemodynamics. This impaired hyperemia may be the result of an oxidant-mediated attenuation in NO bioavailability. In addition to clearly dysfunctional lungs, vascular dysfunction in locomotor muscle may contribute to the exercise intolerance associated with COPD and increased cardiovascular disease risk.

We like to move it, move it: A perspective on performing passive leg movement as a non-invasive assessment of vascular function in pediatric populations

“…Here we observe gradual decrements in ΔLBF and LBF AUC with increasing age from young to older adults, and in disease, suggestive of declining vascular function. Importantly, these findings replicate the literature, demonstrating impairments in hyperemia to PLM with increasing age ( Groot, Rossman et al, 2015 ; Trinity, Groot et al, 2015 ) and in disease states known to negatively impact vascular health ( Hayman, Nativi et al, 2010 ; Mortensen, Askew et al, 2012 ; Venturelli, Amann et al, 2014 ; Witman, Ives et al, 2015 ; Nelson, Rossman et al, 2016 ; Clifton, Machin et al, 2018 ; Ives, Layec et al, 2020 ). In contrast to declining vascular function with healthy aging and disease, the lower observed hyperemic responses in our 7-8- and 10–12-year olds is likely a function of factors innate to the pediatric life stage.…”

“…Similarly, sedentary older adults have been found to have reduced PLM-induced LBF responses compared to physically active older adults ( Groot, Rossman et al, 2016 ). PLM has also provided insight into the effects of numerous disease states on central hemodynamics and peripheral microvascular function including heart failure, heart transplantation, peripheral artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, systemic sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and sepsis ( Hayman, Nativi et al, 2010 ; Mortensen, Askew et al, 2012 ; Venturelli, Amann et al, 2014 ; Witman, Ives et al, 2015 ; Nelson, Rossman et al, 2016 ; Clifton, Machin et al, 2018 ; Katulka, Hirt et al, 2019 ; Ives, Layec et al, 2020 ). As expected, in each of these studies we see that disease has a negative impact on at least one component of the PLM response (central or peripheral) as compared to healthy controls.…”

Identification of peripheral vascular function measures and circulating biomarkers of mitochondrial function in patients with mitochondrial disease

“…31 This is the first study to evaluate an array of imaging methods for evaluation of metabolic and endothelial function in individuals with the m.3243A>G mutation, although the methods employed in this study have been studied previously in diverse study populations, such as patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and critical illness. 17,[32][33][34] NADH fluorescence was significantly elevated in the skin of participants with the m.3243A>G mutation compared to HVs. Due to dysfunction of mitochondrial complex I of the mitochondrial OXPHOS chain and decrease in activity of NADH reductive pathways in these patients, 35,36 NADH/ NAD+ ratio and consequently cellular reductive stress will increase, leading to downstream metabolic changes in these patients and contributing to the disease phenotypes associated with this mutation.…”

“…This is the first study to evaluate an array of imaging methods for evaluation of metabolic and endothelial function in individuals with the m.3243A>G mutation, although the methods employed in this study have been studied previously in diverse study populations, such as patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and critical illness. 17 , 32 , 33 , 34 …”

Peripheral impairments of oxidative metabolism after a 10‐day bed rest are upstream of mitochondrial respiration

“…Microvascular-endothelial function was evaluated by the method recently proposed by Gifford and Richardson (2017). The blood flow increase (determined by Doppler ultrasound) in the common femoral artery during a 1 min period of passive knee flexion-extension (PLM) has been determined in young untrained and trained subjects, untrained and trained older adults, patients with chronic heart failure (Gifford & Richardson, 2017) and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Ives et al 2020). The blood flow increase during PLM was higher in trained vs. untrained subjects, higher in young vs. old subjects, lower in patients vs. healthy controls.…”