Passive direct methanol fuel cell using woven carbon fiber fabric as mass transfer control medium

Yuan, Wei; Zhou, Bo; Hu, Jinyi; Deng, Jun; Zhang, Zhaochun; Tang, Yong

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.12.055

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Pt-based catalysts have been mainly utilized in the practical fuel cells to solve these problems. However, numerous researches to apply non-Pt catalytic materials have been conducted at the same time to overcome disadvantages of Pt-based catalysts such as high price and low stability [ 80 – 85 ].…”

Section: Non-pt Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments of nano-structured materials as the catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

2018

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Developments of high efficient materials for electrocatalyst are significant topics of numerous researches since a few decades. Recent global interests related with energy conversion and storage lead to the expansion of efforts to find cost-effective catalysts that can substitute conventional catalytic materials. Especially, in the field of fuel cell, novel materials for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have been noticed to overcome disadvantages of conventional platinum-based catalysts. Various approaching methods have been attempted to achieve low cost and high electrochemical activity comparable with Pt-based catalysts, including reducing Pt consumption by the formation of hybrid materials, Pt-based alloys, and not-Pt metal or carbon based materials. To enhance catalytic performance and stability, numerous methods such as structural modifications and complex formations with other functional materials are proposed, and they are basically based on well-defined and well-ordered catalytic active sites by exquisite control at nanoscale. In this review, we highlight the development of nano-structured catalytic materials for ORR based on recent findings, and discuss about an outlook for the direction of future researches.

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Section: Non-pt Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments of nano-structured materials as the catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

2018

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“…49would drop to 43 and 57% respectively for atmospheric and pressurized systems. In contrast, the efficiency of a molten carbonate DCFC system has been predicted to be over 70% with CO 2 being the main product gas which can be easily captured for storage [43]. A system of this type would become cost competitive with IGCC and NGCC plants with CO 2 sequestration at around US$2000/kW installed cost [44].…”

Section: R E T R a C T E D R E T R A C T E D R E T R A C T E D R E T mentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Challenges in the Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Technology

Chen

Gao

Long

et al. 2015

ILCPA

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Fuel cells are under development for a range of applications for transport, stationary and portable power appliances. Fuel cell technology has advanced to the stage where commercial field trials for both transport and stationary applications are in progress. Direct Carbon Fuel Cells (DCFC) utilize solid carbon as the fuel and have historically attracted less investment than other types of gas or liquid fed fuel cells. However, volatility in gas and oil commodity prices and the increasing concern about the environmental impact of burning heavy fossil fuels for power generation has led to DCFCs gaining more attention within the global study community. A DCFC converts the chemical energy in solid carbon directly into electricity through its direct electrochemical oxidation. The fuel utilization can be almost 100% as the fuel feed and product gases are distinct phases and thus can be easily separated. This is not the case with other fuel cell types for which the fuel utilization within the cell is typically limited to below 85%. The theoretical efficiency is also high, around 100%. The combination of these two factors, lead to the projected electric efficiency of DCFC approaching 80% -approximately twice the efficiency of current generation coal fired power plants, thus leading to a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The amount of CO 2 for storage/sequestration is also halved. Moreover, the exit gas is an almost pure CO 2 stream, requiring little or no gas separation before compression for sequestration. Therefore, the energy and cost penalties to capture the CO 2 will also be significantly less than for other technologies. Furthermore, a variety of abundant fuels such as coal, coke, tar, biomass and organic waste can be used. Despite these advantages, the technology is at an early stage of development requiring solutions to many complex challenges related to materials degradation, fuel delivery, reaction kinetics, stack fabrication and system design, before it can be considered for commercialization. This paper, following a brief introduction to other fuel cells, reviews in detail the current status of the direct carbon fuel cell technology, recent progress, technical challenges and discusses the future of the technology.

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“…However, significant efforts should be done towards its commercialization in order to overcome its different scientific challenges, which include its higher costs, due to the use of noble metals as catalysts with higher loadings (usually, 4 mg/cm 2 Pt/Ru and 4 mg/cm 2 of Pt), and lower power outputs, due to the slow electrochemical reactions that occur on both sides of the cell and methanol crossover from the anode to the cathode side [1,2]. In order to overcome these challenges, different approaches such as improving the cell performance through changes on the different components structure and materials have been studied [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is commonly accepted that the structural parameters of the DLs that have a clear effect on the pDMFC behavior are its thickness (linked to the mass transport resistance), its porosity (related to the species transport), and its wettability and roughness (responsible for the droplet/bubble attachment on the DL). Therefore, DLs with different structures, thicknesses, porosities, permeabilities, and surface wettability will have different transport characteristics and will lead to a different fuel cell behavior [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Evaluation of the Effect of the Anode Diffusion Layer Properties on the Performance of a Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

2020

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Passive direct methanol fuel cells (pDMFCs) are promising devices to replace the conventional batteries in portable electronic devices, due to their higher energy densities, autonomies, and instant recharging. However, some challenges, such as their costs, efficiency, and durability, need to be overcome before their commercialization. Towards that, this work presents the effect of the anode diffusion layer (ADL) properties on the performance of a pDMFC using a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with reduced loadings on both anode and cathode catalysts (3 mg/cm2 Pt/Ru on the anode and 1.3 mg/cm2 of Pt on the cathode). The pDMFC behavior was evaluated through polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, which allow identifying and quantifying the different losses that affect these systems. The results showed better performances when a diffusion layer with a dual-layer structure was used using higher methanol concentrations. The maximum power density achieved was 3.00 mW/cm2, using carbon cloth with a microporous layer, CC_MPL, as ADL, and a methanol concentration of 5 M. In this work, a tailored and low-cost MEA, using the materials available in the market, was proposed to achieve higher performances working under higher methanol concentrations. This work demonstrates that performing modifications on the fuel cell structure/design is an efficient way to achieve optimized performances.

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Passive direct methanol fuel cell using woven carbon fiber fabric as mass transfer control medium

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Recent developments of nano-structured materials as the catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Recent developments of nano-structured materials as the catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Progress and Challenges in the Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Technology

Experimental Evaluation of the Effect of the Anode Diffusion Layer Properties on the Performance of a Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

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