“…The placement of biowall objects in the case research is quite diverse when placed indoors (Urrestarazu et al, 2015;Poorova et al, 2018;Shao, Li, Zhou, Hu, et al, 2021) and outdoors (Hoelscher et al, 2016;Peng et al, 2019;Li et al, 2019;de Jesus et al, 2017;Widyahantari et al, 2020;Kristanto et al, 2021;Wong & Baldwin, 2016;Paull et al, 2020;Abe et al, 2020;Lunain et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2021;Weerakkody et al, 2018;Shimizu et al, 2016;Tudiwer & Korjenic, 2017). Some research used universities and schools as research objects (Hoelscher et al, 2016;Li et al, 2019;Paull et al, 2020;Poorova et al, 2018), while others are located in highrise apartments, condominiums (Wong & Baldwin, 2016;Paull et al, 2020;Abe et al, 2020;), museums (de Jesus et al, 2017, open spaces (Lunain et al, 2016;Weerakkody et al, 2018), and office buildings (Peng et al, 2019;Widyahantari et al, 2020;Kristanto et al, 2021). The research's working principle was to compare the measurement results of the variables studied between in-situ buildings with and without biowall.…”