Passage Through a Small Drainage Culvert by Mule Deer, &lt;em&gt;Odocoilus hemionus&lt;/em&gt;, and Other Mammals

Krawchuk, Alissa; Larsen, Karl W.; Weir, Richard D.; Davis, Helen

doi:10.22621/cfn.v119i2.119

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…mule deer Odocoileus hemionus) or large carnivorous mammals (e.g. black bear Ursus americanus, bobcat Lynx rufus) (Clevenger and Waltho 2000, Krawchuk et al 2005, Marangelo 2019. However, drainage culverts cannot replace conventional wildlife passages for mammals, mainly because the highwater levels and the use of polyethylene as construction material decrease the number of successful passages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of underpasses by animals on a fenced expressway in a suburban area in western Poland

Ważna¹,

Kaźmierczak²,

Cichocki³

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Expressways act as barriers to animals that block free movement in their habitats, especially when the roads are continuously fenced to prevent collisions between animals and vehicles. Various types of animal passages have been repeatedly studied in terms of their utility, albeit rather less frequently in the suburban environment. We conducted our research in a section of the fenced expressway S3 connecting two closely located cities in western Poland (Lubuskie province). Over the course of one year, we monitored four underpasses intended for small- and medium-sized animals using tracks. The underpasses were inspected weekly. Animal traces most frequently found belonged to roe deer Capreolus capreolus (20.9%), red fox Vulpes vulpes (15.1%), wild boar Sus scrofa (14%), and domestic dog Canis l. familiaris (12.4%). Surprisingly, the results of our study indicate that underpasses for small and medium mammals are also used by ungulate mammals. The use of the underpasses varied seasonally, being the highest in spring (37.9%) and the lowest in winter (10.4%). Moreover, seasonal differences in the use of passages were related to particular species/groups of animal species. We found that 22% of animals that entered the passage did not completely traverse it. People accounted for 17.1% of all stated traces in the underpasses. Stagnant water in the underpasses reduced the number of predatory mammals and wild boars using the underpasses but did not affect the activity of roe deer. These studies indicate that animal underpasses located in suburban areas are used by many species of animals despite the activity of humans and domesticated mammals.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of underpasses by animals on a fenced expressway in a suburban area in western Poland

Ważna¹,

Kaźmierczak²,

Cichocki³

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Livestock underpasses for cattle tend to be box culverts. Dimensions for cattle have been reported as 23 ft (7 m) wide and 16.4 ft (5 m) high (Krawchuk et al 2005) and 26.2 ft (8 m) wide and 9.8 ft (3 m) high (Huijser et al 2016). Two underpasses for feral horses were constructed along the "USA Parkway" between Clark and Silver Springs Nevada (Xu & Tian 2019).…”

Section: Underpass or Overpass Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Vehicle Collision Reduction and Habitat Connectivity Pooled Fund Study – Literature Review

Huijser¹,

Ament²,

Bell³

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This report contains a summary of past research and new knowledge about the effectiveness of mitigation measures aimed at reducing animal-vehicle collisions and at providing safe crossing opportunities for wildlife. The measures are aimed at terrestrial large bodied wild mammal species, free roaming large livestock species (e.g. cattle, horses), free roaming large feral species (e.g. “wild” horses and burros), and small animal species (amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals). While mitigation is common, it is best to follow a three-step approach: avoidance, mitigation, and compensation or “off-site” mitigation. If reducing collisions with large wild mammals is the only objective, the most effective measures include roadside animal detection systems, wildlife culling, wildlife relocation, anti-fertility treatments, wildlife barriers (fences),and wildlife fences in combination with wildlife crossing structures. If the objectives also include maintaining or improving connectivity for large wild mammals, then wildlife barriers (fences) in combination with wildlife crossing structures are most effective. Measures for large domestic mammal species are largely similar, though for free roaming livestock there are legal, moral and ethical issues. For small animal species, temporary or permanent road closure and road removal are sometimes implemented, but barriers in combination with crossing structures are the most common.

show abstract

“…A variety of techniques are used to assess wildlife passageway effectiveness (Abson & Lawrence 2003). A sampling of passageway studies revealed that the most prevalent techniques used are remote camera sensing and track beds (Krawchuk et al 2005, Clevenger & Waltho 2005, Gagnon et al 2007, Olson & Widen 2008, McCollister & Van Menen 2010, Allen 2011. In many studies, cameras were used in conjunction with track beds to verify crossing occurrences; however, these techniques primarily provided information only on the use of structures by wildlife.…”

Section: Conceptual Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing a Multi-Technique, Multi-Taxa Approach to Monitoring Wildlife Passageways in Southern Vermont

Bellis

Griffin²,

Warren³

et al. 2013

Oecol. Austr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Roadways affect wildlife habitat disproportionate to the area of land they occupy, impacting wildlife through the loss and fragmentation of habitat, road mortality and disruption of movement. A variety of strategies have been used with mixed success to mitigate the impacts of transportation systems on wildlife. Through 2008, nearly 700 terrestrial and 10,700 aquatic crossing structures have been identified throughout North America but only a small portion of these crossings had monitoring incorporated into their project design. Building on prior studies, this project takes a broad, multi-taxa approach to monitoring crossing structures on a newly constructed highway (the Bennington Bypass) in southern Vermont. We used a variety of techniques to assess movements of an array of species at two passage structures associated with the highway as well as in the surrounding landscape. Techniques used in our study include: track beds/plates, remote camera sensing, small mammal trapping, snow-tracking and road kill surveys. Our data suggest that the concurrent use of track beds and camera traps provide excellent tools for determining an index of passage use but are limited in their ability to monitor individual use of structures. Six hundred and ninety small mammals were ear tagged over two field seasons, with 15 individuals successfully moving through the crossing structures and one individual crossing the road, suggesting that the road serves as a barrier to movement and the structures may only minimally mitigate those effects. Snow-tracking is an excellent tool for detecting movement of animals in and around structures but is limited seasonally and similar to track beds/cameras, cannot discern individuals. Road kill surveys showed a minimal number of deer hit by vehicles but revealed high mortality on amphibians, reinforcing our suggestion that monitoring should take a multi-taxa approach. By monitoring a wide variety of animal movements rather than focusing exclusively on the use of passages by wildlife, we believe we can more accurately assess the effectiveness of the mitigation structures.

show abstract

Passage Through a Small Drainage Culvert by Mule Deer, <em>Odocoilus hemionus</em>, and Other Mammals

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Use of underpasses by animals on a fenced expressway in a suburban area in western Poland

Use of underpasses by animals on a fenced expressway in a suburban area in western Poland

Animal Vehicle Collision Reduction and Habitat Connectivity Pooled Fund Study – Literature Review

Utilizing a Multi-Technique, Multi-Taxa Approach to Monitoring Wildlife Passageways in Southern Vermont

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About