Passage rate and total clearance rate from the rumen of cows fed on grass silages differing in cell-wall content

Bosch, M.W.; Bruining, M.

doi:10.1079/bjn19950007

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, TMRT of Cr-NDF was comparable throughout all passage studies cited despite qualitative contrasts of the diets used. These results suggest that Cr-NDF is less sensitive to dietary changes than 13 C. This is in line with Bosch and Bruining (1995) who concluded that Cr-NDF ground to 0.2-1.0 mm associates to the small indigestible rumen particle pool and can be considered to be only representative of that specific pool. In contrast, 13 C isotopes, incorporated as natural components in all plant components, represent the entire fraction in which they are analytically recovered and better suitable to measure differences between diets.…”

Section: Accuracy Of Curve Fitssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Recent studies further emphasised the advantages of stable isotopes in estimating feed-specific fractional passage rates (Huhtanen and Hristov, 2001;Pellikaan et al, 2013). In the latter study, 13 C-labelled grass silage yielded lower fractional rumen passage rates compared to the external marker chromium-mordanted fibre (Cr-NDF), likely because the latter marker typically associates to the small indigestible rumen particle pool (Bosch and Bruining, 1995). Such marker discrepancies were also reported between Cr-NDF and the internal marker NDF following rumen evacuations (Robinson et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Passage kinetics of concentrates in dairy cows measured with carbon stable isotopes

Warner

Dijkstra

Tamminga

et al. 2013

Animal

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Fractional passage rates form a fundamental element within modern feed evaluation systems for ruminants, but knowledge on feed-specific fractional passage is largely lacking. Commonly applied tracer techniques based on externally applied markers, such as chromium-mordanted neutral detergent fibre (Cr-NDF), have been criticised for behaving differently to feed particles. This study describes the use of the carbon stable isotope ratio ( 13 C : 12 C) as an internal digesta marker to quantify the fractional passage rate of concentrates through the digestive tract of dairy cows. In a crossover study, five dairy cows were fed low (24.6%) and high (52.6%) levels of concentrates (dry matter (DM) basis) and received a pulse-dosed Cr-NDF and 13 C isotopes. The latter was administered orally by exchanging part of the dietary concentrates of low 13 C natural abundance with a pulse dose of maize bran-based concentrates of high 13 C natural abundance. Fractional passage rates from the rumen ( K 1 ) and from the large intestine ( K 2 ) were determined from faecal marker concentrations of Cr-NDF and of 13 C in the DM ( 13 C-DM), NDF ( 13 C-NDF) and neutral detergent soluble ( 13 C-NDS). No differences in K 1 estimates were found for the two concentrate levels fed but significant differences between markers ( P < 0.001) were observed. Faecal Cr-NDF excretions gave lower K 1 estimates (0.037-0.039/h) than 13 C-DM (0.054-0.056/h) and 13 C-NDF (0.061-0.063/h). The 13 C-NDS was calculated by the difference of 13 C in the DM and NDF, and K 1 values (0.039-0.043/h) were comparable to Cr-NDF. Total mean retention time was considerably higher for Cr-NDF (40.9-42.0 h) as compared to 13 C-DM and 13 C-NDF (32.0-33.5 h; P < 0.001). The accuracy of the curve fits for Cr-NDF and 13 C-DM and 13 C-NDF was overall good (mean prediction error of 9.9-13.9%). Fractional passage rate of Cr-NDF was comparable to studies where this marker was assumed to represent the fractional passage of roughages. However, K 1 estimates based on the 13 C : 12 C ratio varied considerably from studies based on external markers. Our results suggest that the use of 13 C isotopes as digesta passage markers can provide feed component-specific K 1 estimates for concentrates and provides new insight into passage kinetics of NDF from technologically treated compound feed.

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Section: Accuracy Of Curve Fitssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Passage kinetics of concentrates in dairy cows measured with carbon stable isotopes

Warner

Dijkstra

Tamminga

et al. 2013

Animal

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“…This is in contrast with Bruining et al (1998) using grass, maize and lucerne silages and Huhtanen et al (2007) using timothy hay. However, the present results are consistent with the data reported by Bosch et al (1992) and Bosch and Bruining (1995), who observed that the small particle fraction was larger than the large particle fraction with grass silage based diets.…”

Section: Particle Distribution Ndf and Indf Concentrations And Rumensupporting

confidence: 83%

Estimation of digesta kinetics of different particle size fractions using rumen evacuation technique in dairy cows fed red clover-grass silag

Bayat¹,

Rinne²,

Khalili³

et al. 2007

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Ruminal kinetic parameters of different particle size fractions were estimated using four lactating dairy cows in a 4×4 Latin square experiment. Cows received red clover-grass silage alone diet. Ruminal contents and faeces were divided into six particle size fractions by wet sieving. Indigestible (iNDF) and potentially digestible (pdNDF) neutral detergent fi bre were separated by a 12d ruminal in situ incubation. Particles >2.5 mm formed the greatest dry matter, iNDF and pdNDF pools in the rumen. Passage rates of iNDF and pdNDF increased with decreasing particle size. Particle breakdown in the rumen was a relatively slow process (0.041 h -1 ). Contribution of particle breakdown to turnover of different particle size fractions of rumen iNDF decreased with decreasing particle size while the contribution of passage increased. Accumulation of iNDF in the rumen was greater than generally observed with grass-based diets and pdNDF was rapidly digested.

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“…DM, NDF or starch), and therefore may behave differently with regard to passage, and are maybe only representative for the fraction of feed particles with a size and density similar to that of the marker (Bruining and Bosch, 1992). Compared with work conducted with external markers (Colucci et al, 1990;Bosch and Bruining, 1995;Rinne et al, 1997), the 13 C-DM and especially the 13 C-NDF appear to yield lower fractional passage rates. This indicates that the external marker as used in the current trial (Cr-NDF, ground at 0.5 mm) may overestimate the fractional passage rate of the internal marker (cut at 3 cm), in particular that of the NDF fraction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

δ13C as a marker to study digesta passage kinetics in ruminants: a combined in vivo and in vitro study

Pellikaan

Verstegen

Tamminga

et al. 2013

Animal

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The aim of the current study was to explore the use of the tracer 13C as an internal marker to assess feed fraction-specific digesta passage kinetics through the digestive tract of dairy cows. Knowledge on feed-specific fractional passage rates is essential to improve estimations on the extent of rumen degradation and microbial protein efficiency; however, this information is largely lacking. An in vivo and in vitro experiment was conducted with grass silages (Lolium perenne L.) that were enriched with 13C by growing the grass under elevated 13CO2 conditions. In a crossover design, two dairy cows received pulse doses of two 13C-enriched grass silages and chromium-mordanted neutral detergent fibre (Cr-NDF) into the rumen. The two 13C-enriched grass silages used differed in digestibility and were grown under identical field conditions as the bulk silages fed to the animals. Faecal excretion patterns of 13C-enriched dry matter (13C-DM), neutral detergent fibre (13C-NDF) and Cr-NDF were established, and a nonlinear multicompartmental model was used to determine their rumen passage kinetics. In addition, the 13C-enriched silages were incubated in rumen liquid in an in vitro batch culture system at different time intervals to determine the effect of fermentation on 13C-enrichment in the residue. The in vitro study showed that the 13C : 12C ratios in DM and NDF residues remained stable from 24 h of incubation onwards. In addition, in vitro fractional degradation rates for 12C in the DM and NDF did not differ from those of 13C, indicating that fermentative degradation does not affect the 13C : 12C ratio in the DM nor in the NDF fraction of the residue. Model fits to the faecal excretion curves showed a significant difference in fractional rumen passage rates between Cr-NDF, 13C-DM and 13C-NDF (P ⩽ 0.025). Silage type had no clear effect on rumen passage kinetics (P ⩾ 0.081). Moreover, it showed that peak enrichments for 13C-DM and 13C-NDF in faeces were reached at 30.7 and 41.7 h post dosing, respectively. This is well after the time (24 h) when the 13C : 12C ratios of the in vitro unfermented residues have reached stable enrichment level. Fractional rate constants for particle passage from the rumen are estimated from the descending slope of faecal excretion curves. The present study shows that the decline in 13C : 12C ratio after peak enrichment is not affected by fermentative degradation and therefore can be used to assess feed component-specific fractional passage rates.

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Passage rate and total clearance rate from the rumen of cows fed on grass silages differing in cell-wall content

Cited by 30 publications

References 11 publications

Passage kinetics of concentrates in dairy cows measured with carbon stable isotopes

Passage kinetics of concentrates in dairy cows measured with carbon stable isotopes

Estimation of digesta kinetics of different particle size fractions using rumen evacuation technique in dairy cows fed red clover-grass silag

δ13C as a marker to study digesta passage kinetics in ruminants: a combined in vivo and in vitro study

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