Parturition

Mesiano, Sam

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397175-3.00042-9

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Thus, term parturition in rodents is induced by PGF 2α production in the endometrium. In other species, such as sheep and primates, the source of P4 for pregnancy maintenance shifts from the CL to the placenta ( Mesiano et al, 2014 ; Tuckey, 2005 ). In humans, this occurs at approximately the 10th week of gestation.…”

Section: Maintaining Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing a theoretical evolutionary framework to solve the mystery of parturition initiation

Rokas

Mesiano

Tamam

et al. 2020

eLife

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Eutherian mammals have characteristic lengths of gestation that are key for reproductive success, but relatively little is known about the processes that determine the timing of parturition, the process of birth, and how they are coordinated with fetal developmental programs. This issue remains one of biology's great unsolved mysteries and has significant clinical relevance because preterm birth is the leading cause of infant and under 5 year old child mortality worldwide. Here, we consider the evolutionary influences and potential signaling mechanisms that maintain or end pregnancy in eutherian mammals and use this knowledge to formulate general theoretical evolutionary models. These models can be tested through evolutionary species comparisons, studies of experimental manipulation of gestation period and birth timing, and human clinical studies. Understanding how gestation time and parturition are determined will shed light on this fundamental biological process and improve human health through the development of therapies to prevent preterm birth.

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Section: Maintaining Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies suggest that this occurs by multiple mechanisms including local metabolism of P4 to an inactive form (i.e. tissue or target cells P4 withdrawal) ( Nadeem et al, 2016 ) and alteration in PR transcriptional activity in uterine target cells ( Mesiano et al, 2014 ; Wu and DeMayo, 2017 ).…”

Section: Maintaining Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a theoretical evolutionary framework to solve the mystery of parturition initiation

Rokas

Mesiano

Tamam

et al. 2020

eLife

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“…On the other hand, it remains less known whether these PGs are produced and play physiological and/or pathological roles in gestation-associated, newly formed tissues, placenta and fetal membranes [23,26]. PGF2 and PGE2 are generated via three enzymatic reactions: 1) cleavage of arachidonic acid (AA) from membrane glycerophospholipid by phospholipase A2 (PLA2), 2) AA conversion to PGH2 by cyclooxygenase (COX), and 3) metabolization of PGH2 to PGF2 and PGE2 by respective PG terminal synthases, PGF2 synthase (PGFS) and PGE2 synthase (PGES) (Supplementary Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In mammalian reproduction, ovulation and corpus luteum regression in the ovary and myometrial contraction and cervical ripening in the uterus are well established processes by which the primary PGs, PGF 2 α and PGE 2 , mediate through binding to their specific, cell surface receptors (FP and EP1~EP4, respectively) [ 27 ]. On the other hand, it remains less known whether these PGs are produced and play physiological and/or pathological roles in gestation-associated, newly formed tissues, placenta and fetal membranes [ 23 , 26 ]. PGF 2 α and PGE 2 are generated via three enzymatic reactions: 1) cleavage of arachidonic acid (AA) from membrane glycerophospholipid by phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ), 2) AA conversion to PGH 2 by cyclooxygenase (COX), and 3) metabolization of PGH 2 to PGF 2 α and PGE 2 by respective PG terminal synthases, PGF 2 α synthase (PGFS) and PGE 2 synthase (PGES) ( Supplementary Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prostaglandins F2α and E2 in rat placenta and fetal membrane: a comprehensive immunohistochemistry of their synthetic enzymes and in vivo tissue levels during normal pregnancy

Satoh

Terashima

Kawaminami

et al. 2021

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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We determined a comprehensive immunohistochemistry of putative isoforms of enzymes for prostaglandin (PG) F2 and PGE2 biosynthesis and these PGs levels in placenta and fetal membrane of normal pregnant rats in vivo. Placenta and fetal membrane showed positive immunoreactions for phospholipase A2 group 4A, but not group 2A, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 rather than COX-2. They showed positive immunoreactions for at least one isoform of each of PGF synthase and PGE synthase with tissue-dependent variations. PGF2 and PGE2 levels in both tissues were highest on day 12 and declined and remained low thereafter. Obtained data would be the basic information on the primary PGs synthesis in rat placenta and fetal membrane in normal pregnancy.

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“…The process of parturition involves contraction of the uterine myometrium, cervical ripening and membrane rupture to culminate in active labour and birth 1 . Changes to local and systemic immune parameters precede the overt inflammatory events characteristic of labour and birth, and gradual erosion of the immune tolerance and anti‐inflammatory state of earlier pregnancy may be part of this change.…”

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confidence: 99%

Interleukin‐6 controls uterine Th9 cells and CD8⁺ T regulatory cells to accelerate parturition in mice

2015

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Interleukin-6 (IL6) is a determinant of the timing of parturition and birth in mice. We previously demonstrated that genetic IL6 deficiency delays parturition by ~24 h, and this is restored by administration of exogenous IL6. In this study, we have investigated whether IL6 influences the number or phenotypes of T cells or other leukocytes in uterine decidual tissue at the maternal-fetal interface. In late gestation, decidual leukocytes in Il6 null mutant (Il6(-/-)) mice exhibit an altered profile, characterized by reduced numbers of cells expressing the monocyte/macrophage marker F4/80 or the T-cell marker CD4, increased cells expressing the natural killer (NK) cell marker CD49b or the dendritic cell marker CD11c, but no change in cells expressing the neutrophil marker Ly6G. These changes are specific to late pregnancy, as similar differences in decidual leukocytes were not evident in mid-gestation Il6(-/-) mice. The IL6-regulated changes in decidual NK and dendritic cells appear secondary to local recruitment, as no comparable changes occurred in peripheral blood of Il6(-/-) mice. When exogenous IL6 was administered to restore normal timing of parturition, a partial reversal of the altered leukocyte profile was observed, with a 10% increase in the proportion of decidual CD4(+) T cells, a notable 60% increase in CD8(+) T cells including CD8(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells and a 60% reduction in CD4(+)IL9(+) Th9 cells. Together these findings suggest that IL6-controlled accumulation of decidual CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) regulatory T cells, with an associated decline in decidual Th9 cells, is instrumental for progressing parturition in mice.

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Parturition

Cited by 13 publications

References 579 publications

Developing a theoretical evolutionary framework to solve the mystery of parturition initiation

Developing a theoretical evolutionary framework to solve the mystery of parturition initiation

Prostaglandins F<sub>2</sub>α and E<sub>2</sub> in rat placenta and fetal membrane: a comprehensive immunohistochemistry of their synthetic enzymes and <i>in vivo</i> tissue levels during normal pregnancy

Interleukin‐6 controls uterine Th9 cells and CD8⁺ T regulatory cells to accelerate parturition in mice

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Parturition

Cited by 13 publications

References 579 publications

Developing a theoretical evolutionary framework to solve the mystery of parturition initiation

Developing a theoretical evolutionary framework to solve the mystery of parturition initiation

Prostaglandins F<sub>2</sub>α and E<sub>2</sub> in rat placenta and fetal membrane: a comprehensive immunohistochemistry of their synthetic enzymes and <i>in vivo</i> tissue levels during normal pregnancy

Interleukin‐6 controls uterine Th9 cells and CD8+ T regulatory cells to accelerate parturition in mice

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Interleukin‐6 controls uterine Th9 cells and CD8⁺ T regulatory cells to accelerate parturition in mice