Parts-per-trillion determination of trihalomethanes in water by purge-and-trap gas chromatography with electron capture detection

Lépine, Louis; Archambault, Jean Francois.

doi:10.1021/ac00031a020

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Our results show that, in the case of bromoform at least, seawater chlorination far outweighs freshwater as an anthropogenic source of bromoform, and the small apparent atmospheric fluxes of the bromochloromethanes, which are believed to exceed emissions of bromoform in freshwater chlorination (Lepine and Archambault, 1992), also argues against a significant impact of freshwater chlorination on observed atmospheric THM concentrations.…”

Section: R Worton Et Al: Trends and Budgets Of Chloroform And Rementioning

confidence: 68%

20th century trends and budget implications of chloroform and related tri-and dihalomethanes inferred from firn air

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Four trihalomethane (THM; CHCl 3 , CHBrCl 2 , CHBr 2 Cl and CHBr 3 ) and two dihalomethane (DHM; CH 2 BrCl and CH 2 Br 2 ) trace gases have been measured in air extracted from polar firn collected at the North Greenland Icecore Project (NGRIP) site. CHCl 3 was also measured in firn air from Devon Island (DI), Canada, Dronning Maud Land (DML), Antarctica and Dome Concordia (Dome C), Antarctica. All of these species are believed to be almost entirely of natural origin except for CHCl 3 where anthropogenic sources have been reported to contribute ∼10% to the global burden. A 2-D atmospheric model was run for CHCl 3 using reported emission estimates to produce historical atmospheric trends at the firn sites, which were then input into a firn diffusion model to produce concentration depth profiles that were compared against the measurements. The anthropogenic emissions were modified in order to give the best model fit to the firn data at NGRIP, Dome C and DML. As a result, the contribution of CHCl 3 from anthropogenic sources, mainly from pulp and paper manufacture, to the total chloroform budget appears to have been considerably underestimated and was likely to have been close to ∼50% at the maximum in atmospheric CHCl 3 concentrations around 1990, declining to ∼29% at the beginning of the 21st century. We also show that the atmospheric burden of the brominated THM's in the Northern Hemisphere have increased over the 20th century while CH 2 Br 2 has remained constant over time implying that it is entirely of natural origin.

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Section: R Worton Et Al: Trends and Budgets Of Chloroform And Rementioning

confidence: 68%

20th century trends and budget implications of chloroform and related tri-and dihalomethanes inferred from firn air

et al. 2006

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“…Through this technique, the equilibrium state is not reached and, thus, more of the volatile dispersed in the matrix will pass into the headspace whose size results in increased sampling phase. As a consequence, the trapping stage of the analysis offers good sensitivity [43,115]. The proper combination of sorbent and temperature may permit collection and concentration of specific analytes while venting others.…”

Section: Sulfur Off-flavorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Analysis of Sulfur Compounds in Wine

Fracassetti¹,

Vigentini²

2018

Grapes and Wines - Advances in Production, Processing, Analysis and Valorization

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Sulfur compounds play an important role in the sensory characteristics of wine. These molecules can derive from the grape, in which the non-volatile forms are usually present as glycosylated molecules, the metabolic activities of yeast and bacteria, the chemical reactions taking place during the wine aging and storage, and the environment. The sulfur compounds include molecules positively correlated to the aromatic profile of wine, namely the volatile thiols, and are responsible for certain defects, imparting notes described as cabbage, onion, rotten egg, garlic, sulfur and rubber. Due to the low concentration of these molecules in wine, their high reactivity and the matrix complexity, the analytical methods which enable their detection and quantification represent a challenge. The solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique has been developed for sulfur compounds associated with off-flavors. The analysis of volatile thiols usually requires a derivatization followed by gas chromatography (GC)-MS or UPLC-MS methods. Besides the sulfur-containing aromas, another sulfur compound that deserves mention is the reduced glutathione (GSH) which has been widely studied due to its antioxidant properties. The analysis of GSH has been proposed using a liquid chromatography technique (HPLC or UPLC) coupled with fluorescence, MS and UV detectors.

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“…The LODs for CF, DCBM, DBCM, and BF are 4.4, 1.5, 1.1, and 1.0 ng, respectively, and are listed in Table II. A second, and more accurate method, to analyze SAW responses to analyte exposures is to integrate the total area under each response peak. 9,10,[12][13][14]17 The integrated peak areas are plotted against the known injected analyte mass for each THM in Fig. 7b.…”

Section: Saw Performance Vs Npc Deposition Condition/mass Density-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Used in combination with purge and trap, GC-ECD can also achieve LODs <1 ppb for individual THM detection; however, all of these methods require some form of sample preparation. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Other detectors with GC have also been demonstrated, including microwave plasma emission, 15 thermal conductivity detection, 16 and atomic emission detection. 17 Arrays of surface acoustic wave (SAW) device sensors were successfully demonstrated to detect a large number of VOCs, including both chloroform and bromoform at 10 ppb concentrations in water, in combination with purge and trap methods, to develop a cost-effective alternative for on-site measurement of VOCs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Trihalomethanes Using Nanoporous-Carbon Coated Surface-Acoustic-Wave Sensors

Siegal

Mowry

Pfeifer

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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We study nanoporous-carbon (NPC) grown via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) as a sorbent coating on 96.5-MHz surface-acousticwave (SAW) devices to detect trihalomethanes (THMs), regulated byproducts from the chemical treatment of drinking water. Using both insertion-loss and isothermal-response measurements from known quantities of chloroform, the highest vapor pressure THM, we optimize the NPC mass-density at 1.05 ± 0.08 g/cm 3 by controlling the background argon pressure during PLD. Precise THM quantities in a chlorobenzene solvent are directly injected into a separation column and detected as the phase-angle shift of the SAW device output compared to the drive signal. Using optimized NPC-coated SAWs, we study the chloroform response as a function of operating temperatures ranging from 10-50 • C. Finally, we demonstrate individual responses from complex mixtures of all four THMs, with masses ranging from 10-2000 ng, after gas chromatography separation. Estimates for each THM detection limit using a simple peak-height response evaluation are 4.4 ng for chloroform and 1 ng for bromoform; using an integrated-peak area response analysis improves the detection limits to 0.73 ng for chloroform and 0.003 ng bromoform.

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Parts-per-trillion determination of trihalomethanes in water by purge-and-trap gas chromatography with electron capture detection

Cited by 35 publications

References 12 publications

20th century trends and budget implications of chloroform and related tri-and dihalomethanes inferred from firn air

20th century trends and budget implications of chloroform and related tri-and dihalomethanes inferred from firn air

Occurrence and Analysis of Sulfur Compounds in Wine

Detecting Trihalomethanes Using Nanoporous-Carbon Coated Surface-Acoustic-Wave Sensors

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