Partnership schemes in implementing mandatory garlic planting rules for importers: the case in East Lombok, Magelang, and Temanggung

Abstract

National statistical data shows that almost all of Indonesia’s garlic needs are imported from other countries. Local production is only less than 10% of the total national demand for garlic. The Indonesian government is currently working to increase national garlic production in order to reduce imports dependency. One of the efforts taken is to increase the planting area through mandatory planting regulations for garlic importers. Every importer is required to grow garlic in Indonesia, which, if converted, is equivalent to five per cent of the total imported garlic. Importers are given freedom regarding the planting mechanism, whether to plant by themselves or through the partnership scheme with farmers. Particularly for the partnership scheme with farmers, it is necessary to study a partnership scheme that is mutually beneficial for both parties. A study was conducted in 2018 as part of a horticultural development policy analysis research to examine the effectiveness of cooperation in implementing mandatory garlic planting regulations for importers. This research was conducted in three locations, East Lombok, Magelang, and Temanggung. This study found that each of the three locations has different cooperation schemes. Farmers are interested in forming partnerships with importers for several reasons: certainty of obtaining seeds and operational costs, and other reasons such as marketing certainty and the opportunity to get cultivation technology assistance.

Entrepreneurial Behavioral of Garlic Farmers in the Garlic Production Center Area, Sembalun District, East Lombok Regency

“…Most 77 farmers (96.25%) chose to use their land for monoculture garlic cultivation, while the remaining 3 people (3.75%) chose intercropping with other crops such as chili and vegetables. Research conducted by Kiloes et al (2021), most farmers combine cultivation in the dry season with planting rice. Farmers mainly use monoculture planting patterns to get optimal garlic production results and make it easier to control pests.…”

“…The lack of domestic garlic availability makes imports as one of the actions the government can take to meet national needs; as a result, the volume of garlic imports in Indonesia has increased by an average of 509,621 tons per year (Ministry of Agriculture, 2022). To overcome, the Indonesian government, through the Ministry of Agriculture, attempt to increase domestic garlic production by determining production center areas such as Temanggung Regency, East Lombok Regency, and Malang (Danasari et al, 2022), in addition to the government also issuing regulations regarding mandatory planting policies for garlic importers at 5% of total imports (Kiloes et al, 2021;Sayaka et al, 2021). This attempt is expected to increase garlic farming land in Indonesia, and also to increase garlic national production.…”

Enhancing local garlic industry performance through marketing chain analysis

“…This is crucial not only for meeting consumption demands but also for supplying locally produced garlic as seeds for various programs. These programs include both government programs and mandatory planting programs by importers, as requirements for applying for garlic imports [15,16]. Therefore, this study comprehensively investigates garlic marketing chains originating from production centers in Indonesia to identify the existing gaps and challenges, seeking to devise effective strategies for enhancing the visibility, accessibility, and affordability of locally produced garlic in the market.…”

The role of garlic attributes in shaping Indonesian consumers’ purchase intention: results from an online survey

“…In response to the imperative need for self-sufficiency in garlic production and the overarching goal of mitigating import dependency while concurrently addressing trade balance deficits, the Indonesian government has embarked upon a strategy aimed at bolstering domestic garlic cultivation since 2016. This comprehensive approach encompasses initiatives, including production development programs and regulatory measures restricting garlic imports [3,4]. These import restriction regulations encompass provisions mandating that importers engage in the cultivation and production of garlic within the Indonesian territory as a prerequisite for securing an import license, specifically requiring that importers must undertake the planting and cultivation of garlic equivalent to 5% of their imported volume, fostering partnerships with local garlic farmers [3][4][5].…”

“…This comprehensive approach encompasses initiatives, including production development programs and regulatory measures restricting garlic imports [3,4]. These import restriction regulations encompass provisions mandating that importers engage in the cultivation and production of garlic within the Indonesian territory as a prerequisite for securing an import license, specifically requiring that importers must undertake the planting and cultivation of garlic equivalent to 5% of their imported volume, fostering partnerships with local garlic farmers [3][4][5].…”