Partner choice in Sweden: How distance still matters

Haandrikman, Karen

doi:10.1177/0308518x18786726

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Based on survey data, Niedomysl (2011) reported that social reasons for moving, including union formation, are prominent across all moving distances in Sweden. Half of all partners who later married or had a child in the 1990s and 2000s, lived within 9 km of each other before moving in together (Haandrikman 2015). In the same study, distances moved were shortest in urban areas, for those with parents nearby, and for those born abroad.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Moves to Whom? Gender Differences in the Distance Moved to a Shared Residence

Brandén

Haandrikman

2018

Eur J Population

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Although the migration of couples and families is well examined, the migration that occurs at the start of co-residence has only been minimally studied. This study examines (1) whether women move more often and move over longer distances at the start of co-residence and (2) whether gender differences (if any) stem from compositional differences between women and men, such as gender differences in ties, or if they are the consequence of the within-couple distribution of bargaining power. The analyses are performed on Swedish population register data from 1991 to 2008, including longitudinal information on the residence of all couples who either married or had a child as cohabitants in 2008, backtracking them to the year of union formation. The results indicate that women are more prone to move for the sake of their male partner in the process of union formation than vice versa. If partners lived in close proximity prior to co-residence, the woman's increased likelihood of moving and longer distance moved is nearly completely explained by power imbalances in the couple. Gender differences in ties only have minor importance in explaining gender differences in these types of migration patterns. If partners lived far apart prior to co-residence, gender differences are particularly pronounced. These differences remain after adjusting for the two partners' relative resources. We contribute to the family migration literature by suggesting that women's higher propensity to move and their longer distance moved -018-9490-4 are indications that even couples' decisions at the start of co-residence are made in favour of the man's career.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Moves to Whom? Gender Differences in the Distance Moved to a Shared Residence

Brandén

Haandrikman

2018

Eur J Population

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“…It is well known that the largest cities are a magnet to university graduates from everywhere (see Grimes et al, 2020, for New Zealand evidence) while partnering remains even in today's online dating world a phenomenon largely determined by colocation or at least by short geographical distances. Hence besides a prevalence of homogamy in terms of age, education, and so on, there is also spatial homogamy (see e.g., Haandrikman, 2019, for evidence from Sweden). The interrelationship between spatial homogamy, migration, and personal attribute homogamy is yet is be studied but would be most fruitfully conducted with longitudinal data rather than with the census data used in the present paper.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who partners up? Homogamy and income inequality in New Zealand cities

Alimi

Maré

Poot

2021

Journal of Regional Science

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This paper examines the impact of homogamy on the distribution of household income in New Zealand at the national level and across different sized cities. We focus on homogamy by age, education, hours worked, employment status, and migration status. We present a new index of homogamy that takes account of maximum potential homogamy. Our index is less sensitive to categories with small population shares than the commonly used concentration ratios. We compare the inequality impact of actual matching with that of randomized matching by means of the additional randomization method. Contrary to public perception, homogamy of the highly educated has declined relative to random matching. Nonetheless, homogamy has had an inequality‐increasing impact on the distribution of income and this effect has grown over time: from around 5% of the mean log deviation (MLD) measure of income inequality in 1986 to 16% in 2013. Allowing for simulated labor supply responses reduces this effect by less than 1%. Spatially, the effect of homogamy is larger and increases more in metropolitan areas than in other urban areas. In Auckland, New Zealand's largest city (around a third of the population), homogamy accounted for a fifth of MLD inequality by 2013, up from 6% in 1986. Educational homogamy plays the biggest role in this process, but the effects of hours worked, employment status and migration status are relatively important too. Homogamy by age has little effect on income inequality. Using the Gini index as an alternative inequality measure yields similar results.

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“…The area around lake Vättern (Fig. 2b), that may be seen as being part of the Bible Belt, characterized by relatively high church attendance, a high share of voters for the Christian democrat party and a high share of small firms and self-employment (Haandrikman, 2019), is characterized by higher shares of fathers' care leave in built up areas, but lower shares in rural areas. Kiruna, in the far north of the country, is a small town in an otherwise sparsely populated area, as seen in Fig.…”

Section: Geographical Variation In Fathers' Uptake Of Care Leavementioning

confidence: 99%

Local Variation in Gendered Family Policy Use: Evidence of Local Gender Contracts?

2021

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A central and unique part of Sweden’s family policy programme is care leave that working parents can use when children are sick and cannot attend (pre)school. The gender-equal policy entails that parents may divide the leave as they see fit. However, mothers and fathers do not share care leave equally and care leave patterns may vary geographically. The aim of this paper is to examine the interaction between gendered care leave and geographical context using the theory of gender contracts. We ask how geographical variation in fathers’ share of care leave varies by scale, and how both individual factors and geographical determinants, representing local gender contracts, are associated with fathers’ share of care leave. Distinctive from previous work, we use geocoded full-population register data and individualized neighbourhoods at multiple scales in order to be able to better measure contextual effects on care leave use. We find substantial spatial variation in fathers’ share of care leave, with clustering depending on scale level. Using the nearest 200 fathers with young children, a factor analysis summarizes local gender contracts into three factors labelled as elite, marginalization and private sector. Results show that especially living in local gender contract areas identified as “marginalized” positively affects fathers’ share of care leave. Living in the most segregated neighbourhoods has substantial effects on fathers’ share of care leave, but overall, neighbourhood effects are moderate. A gender contract perspective shows negotiations resulting from locally clustered gendered norms and relative resources between partners influence who stays home with sick children.

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Partner choice in Sweden: How distance still matters

Cited by 14 publications

References 79 publications

Who Moves to Whom? Gender Differences in the Distance Moved to a Shared Residence

Who Moves to Whom? Gender Differences in the Distance Moved to a Shared Residence

Who partners up? Homogamy and income inequality in New Zealand cities

Local Variation in Gendered Family Policy Use: Evidence of Local Gender Contracts?

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