Partitioning Genetic and Environmental Components of Reproduction and Lifespan In Artemia

Browne, Robert A.; Sallee, Stephen E.; Grosch, Daniel S.; Segreti, Wendy O.; Purser, Susan M.

doi:10.2307/1938067

Cited by 99 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Within the Artemia species complex, Old World sexual species were consistently out-competed by parthenogenetic species (Browne & Halanych 1989). However, the outcome appeared to be related to the greater brood size, rate of reproduction and life span of parthenogenetic females rather than a ¢tness advantage of not producing males (Browne et al 1984;Browne 1992). In contrast, a study comparing coexisting diploid sexual and triploid parthenogenetic freshwater snails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) found very little in the way of life-history di¡er-ences and a parthenogenetic clone showed greater population growth when in competition with a sexual population (Jokela et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Avoiding the cost of males in obligately asexual Daphnia pulex (Leydig)

Innes

Fox

Winsor

2000

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Asexual organisms are thought to gain an advantage by avoiding the cost of producing males. In the cladoceran Daphnia pulex (Leydig), male production is determined by the environment and is independent of the origin of the asexual obligate parthenogens from the sexual cyclical parthenogens. If there is a cost to producing males, successful obligate parthenogens should have reduced or eliminated male production. Field and laboratory observations showed that obligate parthenogens have much-reduced male production compared to cyclical parthenogens. Although the reduction or elimination of males in the obligate parthenogens suggests that the cost of males is avoided, the coexistence of sexual and asexual forms of D. pulex may be partially explained by cyclical parthenogens compensating for the cost of males by having greater fecundity. In addition, the absence of a mating constraint for the obligate parthenogens may favour an increased allocation to asexual diapausing eggs earlier in the season compared to the cyclical parthenogens which require mating with males to produce sexual diapausing eggs. No di¡erence in the production of diapausing eggs was observed, probably because males were abundant in populations of cyclical parthenogens and do not appear to limit the production of sexual diapausing eggs. D. pulex is a useful system for determining the ecological consequences of abandoning sexual reproduction and explaining the coexistence of sexual and asexual forms of a species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Avoiding the cost of males in obligately asexual Daphnia pulex (Leydig)

Innes

Fox

Winsor

2000

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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“…A. franciscana, the dominant New World species, is distributed over much of the Western hemisphere, in a series of scattered marine and inland environments. Probably because of this, the species (which as a whole has a gene pool with high genetic variability) displays considerable genetic heterogeneity between strains (Beardmore & AbreuGrobois 19831, which ultimately is likely to lead to differences in Life history patterns (Browne et al 1984). The reproductive strategy of Artemia is to allocate maximum energy to gamete production (Grosch 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shuntmg offspring into a dormant, encysted state is a n effective way to assure the survival of the species in unfavourable conditions, since cysts can resist very extreme environmental conditions indeed (Versichele & Sorgeloos 1980). The factors inducing females to produce cysts have up to now, been believed to be environmental in nature (Browne et al 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ability to switch reproductive mode in Artemia is related to maternal heterozygosity

Gajardo¹,

Ja²

1989

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Brine shnmp Artemia spp. produce young as larvae or as encysted embryos resistant to unfavourable conditions. The factors controlling the switch between the 2 types of reproduction are unknown. Studies on A. franciscana from the Great Salt Lake of Utah, USA, show the percentage of zygotes produced as cysts is correlated with the level of heterozygosity (determined electrophoretically) in the mother. More heterozygous females also produce more zygotes, and tend to produce more broods and start to reproduce at a younger age than less heterozygous females. Coefficients of variation of reproductive characters are lower for more heterozygous and higher for less heterozygous mothers. These results show that heterozygosity in this species is highly correlated with important components of fitness and suggest that the ability to switch reproductive mode, a feature of considerable adaptive value in varying environments, and of importance in aquaculture, has a high degree of genetic determination.

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“…Some information is available on the survival and growth rate characteristics of bisexual and parthenogenetic Artemia populations (Vanhaecke et al 1984, Browne et al 1984, Wear & Haslett 1986, Browne & Bowen 1991, Triantaphyllidis et al 1995, Triantaphyllidis et al 1997a, Triantaphyllidis et al 1997b, Browne & Wanigasekera 2000, Abatzopoulos et al 2003, Castro 2004, Abatzopoulos et al 2006b, Agh et al 2008) cultivated in different salinities. Most of these studies mentioned morphometry, life span and reproductive characteristics and also contributed to the evaluation of genetic and environmental components of variance in sexual and clonal Artemia.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of salinity on growth and survival in five Artemia franciscana (Anostraca: Artemiidae) populations from Mexico Pacific Coast

Castro-Mejía¹,

Castro-Barrera²,

Hernández-Hernández³

et al. 2009

RBT

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Abstract:Salinity is an important factor influencing growth and survival of aquatic organisms such as Artemia, a valuable aquaculture species. This study evaluated the effects of salinity on A. franciscana populations from different water bodies in Mexico's Pacific Coast. With this purpose, five autochthonous bisexual Artemia populations were tested to assess their survival and growth values against salinities of 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120g/l, under laboratory conditions (25±2ºC; pH 8-10; constant light and aeration). The organisms were fed with 100mL of rice bran and 2L of Tetraselmis suecica (500 000cel/ml). The culture experiments were made in 200L plastic tanks, and survival and growth final values were obtained after 21 culture days. Survival and growth curves were determined by a regression analysis (R 2 ). The significant differences between salinities were determined by ANOVA test (p<0.05). The best survival and growth rates were found at salinities of 100-120g/l. When the Mexican Artemia populations were cultivated at 40g/l of salinity, 100% mortality was observed in the juvenile stage. This study determined that survival and growth values of A. franciscana populations increased with salinity. The five A. franciscana populations presented significant differences in their survival rate under various salinity regimes. The studied populations experienced high mortality at salinities under 60g/l and over 200g/l, and especially during the metanauplius stage. The present study confirms that growth rates in Mexican A. franciscana populations from Pacific Coast habitats are not inversely proportional to salinity. These A. franciscana populations should be cultured at 100-120g/l of salinity to obtain better survival and growth rates. This data is useful to improve culture systems in aquaculture biomass production systems. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (1): 199-206. Epub 2011 March 01.

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Partitioning Genetic and Environmental Components of Reproduction and Lifespan In Artemia

Cited by 99 publications

References 47 publications

Avoiding the cost of males in obligately asexual Daphnia pulex (Leydig)

Avoiding the cost of males in obligately asexual Daphnia pulex (Leydig)

Ability to switch reproductive mode in Artemia is related to maternal heterozygosity

Effects of salinity on growth and survival in five Artemia franciscana (Anostraca: Artemiidae) populations from Mexico Pacific Coast

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