Ability to switch reproductive mode in Artemia is related to maternal heterozygosity

Gajardo, GM; Ja, Beardmore

doi:10.3354/meps055191

Cited by 40 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…These results confirm those reported by Camargo et al (2004) and Torrentera & DoDson (2004). In fact, induction of diapause in Artemia may be under maternal control in response to environmental conditions that determine the metabolic state of the mature embryo (Marcus 1984;GajarDo & BearDmore 1989). BaiD (1967), VanheacKe et al (1984), TriantaPhylliDis et al (1995) and Torrentera & DoDson (2004) reported that the termination of diapause in Artemia and the selection of reproductive mode are mainly under environmental control.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Influence of environmental factors on the life cycle and morphology of Artemia salina (Crustacea: Anostraca) in Sabkhet El Adhibet (SE Tunisia)

2011

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This study was aimed to examine in greater detail the influence of selected environmental factors on the life cycle and morphological characteristics of the brine shrimp Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758). During this follow-up, from November 2005 to April 2006 and from November 2006 to April 2007, Sabkhet El Adhibet (southeast Tunisia: 33°07'7.58"N, 11°24'8.69"E) was surveyed monthly to determine the impact of water salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and phytoplankton density and community structure on Artemia density, population structure, reproductive mode, and total offspring. Strong correlations were found between physicochemical parameters of water and Artemia reproduction characteristics. In contrast, no significant relationship was detected between physicochemical variables and Artemia population structure and density. Further, there were no correlations between phytoplankton density and the Artemia life cycle. Moreover, we observed relationships between physicochemical parameters and all morphological characteristics, especially between the width of 3 rd abdominal segment and salinity (r xy = 0.96), temperature (r xy = 0.73), pH (r xy = -0.77) and oxygen (r xy = -0.92) for male specimens, and between the length of the furca and both salinity (r xy = -0.76) and dissolved oxygen (r xy = 0.74), and between the maximal diameter of compound eyes and temperature (r xy = -0.56) for female specimens. Principal component analysis (PCA) shows that male and female specimens collected at different environmental conditions converge, which explains the morphological similarity between them according to salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration as well as total phytoplankton, diatom, cryptophyte, and dinophyte density.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Influence of environmental factors on the life cycle and morphology of Artemia salina (Crustacea: Anostraca) in Sabkhet El Adhibet (SE Tunisia)

2011

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“…This general expectation has provided the incentive for numerous empirical studies of the relationship between individual heterozygosity, the number of loci from a sample for which an individual is heterozygous (Mitton & Pierce, 1980), and various components of fitness (Zouros et at., 1980;Koehn & Shumway, 1982;Pierce & Mitton, 1982;Garton, 1984;Hawkins et at., 1986Hawkins et at., , 1989Rodhouse et at., 1986;Bush et at., 1987; Danzmann et at., 1987;Diehl, 1988;Koehn et at., 1988;Gajardo & Beardmore, 1989;Ferguson & Drahushchak, 1990;Teska et at., 1990;Mopper et at., 1991;Pecon Slattery et al, 1991). These studies reveal that fitness generally increases with heterozygosity (see reviews by Beardmore, 1983;Mitton & Grant, 1984;Allendorf & Leary, 1986;Ledig, 1986;Zouros & Foltz, 1987;Mitton, 1989Mitton, , 1993.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between the individual heterozygosity of parents and their offspring

et al. 1993

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Specific formulations are derived for the correlation between the heterozygosity of a randomly mating parent and its offspring for a diallelic locus, and for the correlation when multiple loci are considered. The expected correlation is maximal, approaching r = 0.50, when allelic frequencies are highly asymmetric, and it is zero when the allelic frequencies are equal to 0.50. Parent-offspring correlations, up to a maximum of 0.50 for diallelic loci, indicate that levels of heterozygosity can respond to selection. Multilocus allozyme data from limber pine, Pinus flexilis, and from horses of standardbred and thoroughbred breeds are used to demonstrate correlations between a parent and its offspring. The Spearman rank correlation between the heterozygosity of a limber pine and the mean heterozygosity of her offspring is r = 0.45. Correlations in the horses range from r =0.16 to 0.32.

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“…Relative fecundities estimated for slow homozygotes (SS), heterozygotes (SF), and fast homozygotes (FF) were 0.88, 1.00, and 0.61, respectively. The production of overwintering cysts per female increases from 61 to 527 as individual heterozygosity ranges from zero to three in the brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana (Gajardo & Beardmore, 1989). Fecundity also increases with heterozygosity in both the blue mussel (Rodhouse et al, 1986) and the guppy (Beardmore & Shami, 1979).…”

Section: Enzymes Directly Influence Developmental Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme heterozygosity, metabolism, and developmental stability

Mitton

1993

Genetica

119

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Developmental homeostasis, measured as either fluctuating asymmetry or variance of morphological characters, increases with enzyme heterozygosity in many, but not all, natural populations. These results have been reported for Drosophila, monarch butterflies, honeybees, blue mussels, side-blotched lizards, killifish, salmonid fishes, guppies, Sonoran topminnows, herring, rufous-collared sparrows, house sparrows, brown hares, white-tailed deer, and humans. Because heterozygosity at a few loci can not predict heterozygosity of the entiry genome, these loci must be detecting localized zones that influence the developmental environment.Studies of malate dehydrogenase in honeybees, Apis mellifera, and lactate dehydrogenase in killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, revealed that developmental homeostasis varied with heterozygosity of individual loci. Heterozygotes differed from homozygotes in fluctuating asymmetry, morphological variance, and in correlations between morphological characters.The protein loci in these studies code for enzymes, and therefore do not directly influence morphological characters. However, some enzymatic loci substantially influence metabolism, and contribute to variation in the amount of energy available for development and growth. This argument can be made most convincingly for the LDH polymorphism in killifish. LDH genotypes differ in enzyme kinetic properties that measure differences in physiological efficiency, and these differences produce measurable and predictable differences in physiology and development. Under environmental conditions which impose a stress upon development, genotypes at these loci may have different amounts of energy available for development, and consequently exhibit different levels of developmental homeostasis.

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Ability to switch reproductive mode in Artemia is related to maternal heterozygosity

Cited by 40 publications

References 10 publications

Influence of environmental factors on the life cycle and morphology of Artemia salina (Crustacea: Anostraca) in Sabkhet El Adhibet (SE Tunisia)

Influence of environmental factors on the life cycle and morphology of Artemia salina (Crustacea: Anostraca) in Sabkhet El Adhibet (SE Tunisia)

Correlation between the individual heterozygosity of parents and their offspring

Enzyme heterozygosity, metabolism, and developmental stability

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