“…Th is subfamily is largely endemic to the Papuan region (comprising New Guinea and satellite islands, the Ad-miralty and Bismarck Archipelagos, and the Solomon Islands), contains 250+ species, is monophyletic (Savage 1973, van Bocxlaer et al 2006, Frost et al 2006, Roelants et al 2007, van der Meijden et al 2007, and is relatively young: molecular evidence suggests the extant members of this clade arose within the past ~30 MY (van Bocxlaer et al 2006, Roelants et al 2007), approximately consistent with geological evidence for the origin of New Guinea (Davies et al 1996(Davies et al , 1997. Taxonomy within Asterophryinae has been fl uid, and the number of recognized genera has expanded from nine in the monograph of Parker (1934) to 20 at present (Günther 2009a, Frost 2010, mostly due to partitioning of recognized genera into more tractable, morphologically cohesive (e.g., Zweifel 2000) or monophyletic (Günther 2009a) groups. Nonetheless, additional partitioning is necessary to achieve a completely monophyletic taxonomy of Asterophryinae (Köhler and Günther 2008), and species diversity within this clade, though great, is severely underestimated (FK, unpubl.…”