Partidos políticos e espectro ideológico: Parlamentares, especialistas, esquerda e direita no Brasil

Abstract

RESUMOEste artigo visa contribuir com o debate sobre a localização ideológica dos partidos políticos brasileiros. Sendo o Brasil uma democracia recente com alta fragmentação partidária e inconsistências ideológicas, está presente no discurso do senso comum a ideia de que os partidos se limitam ao pragmatismo eleitoral. Para aferir essa percepção, analisamos como os parlamentares do legislativo federal dos principais partidos brasileiros se autoposicionam numa escala esquerda-direita, com base no levantamento realizado pela Pesquisa Legislativa Brasileira (PLB) em 2013 e em dados levantados por experts surveys -já comparados por Tarouco e Madeira (2015). A análise comparativa entre os resultados da classificação no espectro político nos indica que há um reconhecimento de diferenças ideológicas, tanto pelos especialistas quanto pelos parlamentares, apresentando-se uma ordenação coerente na classificação dos partidos políticos na escala esquerda-centro-direita. Além de tal constatação, sugerimos que é pertinente o desenvolvimento de uma agenda de pesquisas nos próximos anos acerca do tema que possa incluir partidos que não foram contemplados pelos bancos de dados. Palavras-chave: Partidos políticos. Espectro ideológico. Parlamentares. Brasil. ABSTRACTThis article aims to contribute to the debate on the ideological location of Brazilian political parties. Since Brazil is a recent democracy with high partisan fragmentation and ideological inconsistencies, it is present in the common sense discourse the idea that the parties are limited to electoral pragmatism. To assess this perception, we analyze how the parliamentarians of the federal legislature of the main Brazilian parties position themselves on a left-right scale, based on the survey conducted by the Brazilian Legislative Survey in 2013 and on the data collected by expert surveys -already compared by Tarouco and Madeira (2015). The comparative analysis between the results of the classification in the political spectrum indicates us that there is a recognition of ideological differences, both by the specialists and the parliamentarians, presenting a coherent ordering in the classification of political parties in the left-center-right scale. In addition to this, we suggest that it is pertinent to develop a research agenda in the coming years on the subject that could include parties that were not covered by the databases. Keywords: Political parties. Ideological spectrum. Parliamentarians. Brazil. RESUMENEste artículo pretende contribuir con el debate sobre la ubicación ideológica de los partidos políticos brasileños. Siendo Brasil una democracia reciente con alta fragmentación partidista y inconsistencias ideológicas, está presente en el discurso del sentido común la idea de que los partidos se limitan al pragmatismo electoral. Para medir esta percepción, analizamos cómo los parlamentarios del legislativo federal de los principales partidos brasileños se autoposicionan en una escala izquierda-derecha, con base en el levantamiento realizado por la Pesquisa Legisl...

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