Particulate matter, gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an urban traffic tunnel of China: Emission from on-road vehicles and gas-particle partitioning

Li, Ying; Gao, Yi; Yu, Na; Zhang, Chenkai; Wang, Siyao; Ma, Limin; Zhao, Jianfu; Lohmann, Rainer

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.065

Cited by 121 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…2). The PAH EFs in the KXL tunnel were higher than were those found by a study conducted in the Yan'an east Road tunnel (Shanghai) of 19.61 μg·veh −1 ·km −1 (Liu et al, 2015a). The vehicle profiles in the Yan'an east road tunnel were similar to those of the KXL tunnel, the difference could probably be ascribed to Shanghai having its own local gasoline standard.…”

Section: Organic Compoundscontrasting

confidence: 51%

Chemical composition of PM 2.5 from two tunnels with different vehicular fleet characteristics

Cui

Chen

Tian

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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• Composition profiles of PM 2.5 were obtained in smaller city, Yantai.• Characteristics of PM 2.5 were changed by emission standards and fuel policy.• Source profiles of PM 2.5 for gasoline vehicles and diesel vehicles were given.• The diesel vehicles play a major role in PM 2.5 emissions in Yantai. The chemical compositions of PM 2.5 including OC, EC, water soluble ions, elements, and organic components such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hopanes, and steranes, emitted in Wuzushan (WZS) and Kuixinglou (KXL) tunnels were determined. WZS tunnel is a major route for diesel vehicles traveling, while KXL tunnel has limited to diesel vehicles. The results showed that the proportions of the different constituents of PM 2.5 in the Wuzushan (WZS) tunnel were OC (27.7%), EC (32.1%), elements (13.9%), and water soluble ions (9.2%). Whereas the chemical profile of PM 2.5 in the Kuixinglou (KXL) tunnel was OC (17.7%), EC (10.4%), elements (8.90%), and water soluble ions (8.87%). The emission factors (EFs) of PM 2.5 and proportions of SO 4 2− and Pb were decreased by vehicle emission standards and fuel quality policy in China, and the higher molecular weight PAHs (4 + 5 + 6 rings) were more abundant than the lower molecular weight PAHs (2 + 3 rings) in the two tunnels. The proportions of 17A(H)-21B(H)-30-Norhopane and 17A(H)-21B(H)-Hopane in the hopane and sterane were not dependent on the vehicles types. In addition, specific composition profiles for PM 2.5 from gasoline-fueled vehicles (GV) G R A P H I C A L A B S T R A C T a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Contents lists available at ScienceDirectScience of the Total Environment j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / s c i t o t e n v and diesel-fueled vehicles (DV) emissions were drafted, which indicated that OC (0.974 mg·veh −1 ·km −1 ) was the most abundant component in PM 2.5 , followed by Fe, Cl − , and Mg for GV. The relative proportions of the different constituents in the PM 2.5 for DV were EC (35.9%), OC (27.2%), elements (12.8%), and water soluble ions (11.7%). Both the PM 2.5 EFs and EC proportions in DV were higher than those in GV, and the HMW PAHs were the dominant PAHs for both GV and DV. The PM 2.5 emissions from the vehicles in Yantai were 581 ± 513 tons to 1353 ± 1197 tons for GV, and 19,627 ± 2477 tons to 23,042 ± 2887 tons for DV, respectively.

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Section: Organic Compoundscontrasting

confidence: 51%

Chemical composition of PM 2.5 from two tunnels with different vehicular fleet characteristics

Cui

Chen

Tian

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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“…According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), particles d especially secondary particles d most likely have a significantly negative effect on the overall radiative forcing with large uncertainties. On-road studies have been carried out to specify VOCs from transport with in-situ experiments in tunnels and close to urban streets or motorways (Liu et al, 2015;Je zek et al, 2015a,b;Gentner et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2012Wang et al, , 2008Westerdahl et al, 2009;Ntziachristos et al, 2007;Zavala et al, 2006;Jiang et al, 2005;Kristensson and Johansson, 2004;Fraser et al, 1998;Miguel et al, 1998). Compared to chassis dynamometer tests, in-situ measurements provide aggregated and real-world data on emissions from local fleets and traffic involving a large number of vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PAH, BTEX, carbonyl compound, black-carbon, NO2 and ultrafine particle dynamometer bench emissions for Euro 4 and Euro 5 diesel and gasoline passenger cars

Louis

Liu²,

Tassel³

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Gentner et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2015;Ježek et al, 2015;Zavala et al, 2006;Jiang et al, 2005;Kristensson et al, 2004;Fraser et al, 1998;Miguel et al, 1998;Staehelin et al, 1998). These measurements provide a compositional overview of the exhaust emissions from the on-road vehicular fleet, consisting of a vast range of vehicle types (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical note: Use of an atmospheric simulation chamber to investigate the effect of different engine conditions on unregulated VOC-IVOC diesel exhaust emissions

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Diesel exhaust emissions were introduced into an atmospheric simulation chamber and measured using thermal desorption (TD) comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionisation detector (GC × GC-FID). An extensive set of measurements were performed to investigate the effect of different engine conditions (i.e. load, speed, "driving scenarios") and emission control devices (with or without diesel oxidative catalyst, DOC) on the composition and abundance of unregulated exhaust gas emissions from a light-duty diesel engine, fuelled with ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD). A range of exhaust dilution ratios were investigated (range = 1 : 60 to 1 : 1158), simulating the chemical and physical transformations of the exhaust gas from near to downwind of an emission source. In total, 16 individual and 8 groups of compounds (aliphatics and singlering aromatics) were measured in the exhaust gas ranging from volatile to intermediate volatility (VOC-IVOC), providing both detailed chemical speciation and groupings of compounds based on their structure and functionality. Measured VOC-IVOC emission rates displayed excellent reproducibility from replicate experiments using similar exhaust dilution ratios. However, at the extremes of the investigated exhaust dilution ratios (comparison of 1 : 60 and 1 : 1158), measured VOC-IVOC emission rates displayed some disagreement owing to poor reproducibility and highlighted the importance of replicate sample measurements. The investigated DOC was found to remove 43 ± 10 % (arithmetic mean ± experimental uncertainty) of the total speciated VOC-IVOC ( SpVOC-IVOC) emissions. The compound class-dependant removal efficiencies for the investigated DOC were 39 ± 12 % and 83 ± 3 % for the aliphatics and single-ring aromatics, respectively. The DOC aliphatic removal efficiency generally decreased with increasing carbon chain length. The SpVOC-IVOC emission rates varied significantly with different engine conditions, ranging from 70 to 9268 mg kg −1 (milligrams of mass emitted per kilogram of fuel burnt). SpVOC-IVOC emission rates generally decreased with increasing engine load and temperature, and to a lesser degree, engine speed. The exhaust gas composition changed considerably as a result of two influencing factors: engine combustion and DOC hydrocarbon (HC) removal efficiency. Increased engine combustion efficiency resulted in a greater percentage contribution of the C 7 to C 12 n-alkanes to the SpVOC-IVOC emission rate. Conversely, increased DOC HC removal efficiency resulted in a greater percentage contribution of the C 7 to C 12 branched aliphatics to the SpVOC-IVOC emission rate. At low engine temperatures (< 150 • C, below the working temperature of the DOC), the contribution of n-alkanes in the exhaust gas increased with increasing combustion efficiency and may be important in urban environments, as n-alkanes are more efficient at producing secondary organic aerosol (SOA) thanPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 1...

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Particulate matter, gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an urban traffic tunnel of China: Emission from on-road vehicles and gas-particle partitioning

Cited by 121 publications

References 47 publications

Chemical composition of PM 2.5 from two tunnels with different vehicular fleet characteristics

Chemical composition of PM 2.5 from two tunnels with different vehicular fleet characteristics

PAH, BTEX, carbonyl compound, black-carbon, NO2 and ultrafine particle dynamometer bench emissions for Euro 4 and Euro 5 diesel and gasoline passenger cars

Technical note: Use of an atmospheric simulation chamber to investigate the effect of different engine conditions on unregulated VOC-IVOC diesel exhaust emissions

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